Advertisement

Mathematics Education Research Journal

, Volume 26, Issue 2, pp 421–438 | Cite as

“Juntos pero no revueltos”: microaggressions and language in the mathematics education of non-dominant Latinas/os

  • Carlos A. LópezLeiva
  • Lena Licón Khisty
Original Article

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of microaggressions based on minority language(s) as a form of discriminatory practice against non-dominant students in the mathematics context. Microaggressions are subtle, brief, and commonplace verbal, behavioral, or visual negative slights or insults toward people of color. We extend the concept of microaggression to include discrimination based on a minority language. We draw on our work with Latinas/os in the USA to demonstrate the occurrence of microaggressions in the teaching act. Revealing microaggressions based on language has the potential of creating more equitable learning environments for non-dominant students and can point to possible directions for future research and improvements in the preparation of teachers who serve non-dominant students who speak a language other than the school’s official language.

Keywords

Interactions Mathematics problem solving Microaggressions Non-dominant students Latinas/os Spanish 

Notes

Acknowledgments/credits

The preparation of this paper was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation to the Center for the Mathematics Education of Latinos (No. ESI-0424983). The findings and opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agency.

References

  1. Adler, J. (2001). Teaching mathematics in multilingual classrooms. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.Google Scholar
  2. Barwell, R. (2003). Patterns of attention in the interaction of a primary school mathematics student with English as an additional language. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 53(1), 35–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Barwell, R., Setati, M., & Barton, B. (2007). Multilingualism in mathematics education. Special Issue of Educational Studies in Mathematics, 64(2), 113–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Bloome, D., Carter, S. P., Christian, B. M., Otto, S., & Shuart-Faris, N. (2004). Discourse analysis and the study of classroom language and literacy: a microethnographic perspective. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
  5. Cummins, J. (2005). Commentary on part III: can schools effectively challenge coercive power relations in the wider society? In T. L. McCarty (Ed.), Language, literacy, and power in schooling (pp. 283–294). Mahwah, NJ: Earlbaum.Google Scholar
  6. Davis, P. (1989). Law as microaggression. Yale Law Journal, 98(8), 1559–1577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: textual analysis for social research. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
  8. Harré, R. (2004). Positioning Theory. Retrieved on 12/7/08 from: http://www.massey.ac.nz/~alock/virtual/positioning.doc
  9. Johnson, A. G. (2006). Privilege, power, and difference. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
  10. Khisty, L. L. (2004). “Los Rayos de CEMELA” after-school project: The CEMELA-UIC Activity. Unpublished manuscript. University of Illinois at Chicago.Google Scholar
  11. Khisty, L. L. (2006). Language and mathematics: Toward social justice for linguistically diverse students. In J. Novotna (Ed.), Proceedings of the 30th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 3 (pp. 433–440). Prague, Czech Republic: Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague.Google Scholar
  12. Khisty, L. L. & Chval, K. (2009). Institutional Arrangements and Mathematics with Latino and ELL students. Work session conducted at the annual meeting of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Research Pre-session, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
  13. Khisty, L. L., & Willey, C. J. (2013). After-school: An innovative model to better understand the mathematics learning of Latinas/os. In P. Bell, B. Bevan, A. Razfar, & R. Stevens (Eds.), Learning out-of-school time (L.O.S.T.). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
  14. Lerman, S., & Zevenbergen, R. (2004). The socio-political context of the mathematics classroom: Using Bernstein’s theoretical framework to understand classrooms communication. In P. Valero & R. Zevenbergen (Eds.), Researching the socio-political dimensions of mathematics education: Issues of power in theory and methodology (pp. 27–42). Boston, MA: Kluwer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Lotan, R. A. (2008). Developing language and mastering content in heterogeneous classrooms. In R. M. Gillies, A. Ashman, & J. Terwel (Eds.), The teacher’s role in implementing cooperative learning in the classroom (pp. 187–203). New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
  16. Marable, M. (1992). Black America. Westfield, NJ: Open Media.Google Scholar
  17. Martin, D. (2007). Mathematics learning and participation in African American context: The co-construction of identity in two intersecting realms of experience. In N. Nasir & P. Cobb (Eds.), Diversity, equity, and access to mathematical ideas (pp. 146–158). New York: Teachers College Press.Google Scholar
  18. McLeod, D. B. (1992). Research on affect in mathematics education: a reconceptualization. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 575–598). New York, NY: Macmillan.Google Scholar
  19. Miles, M., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
  20. Moll, L. C. (2001). Through the mediation of others: Vygotskian research on teaching. In V. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (pp. 111–129). Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association.Google Scholar
  21. Nunes, T. (1999). Mathematics learning as the socialization of the mind. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 6(1), 33–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Pierce, C. M. (1970). Offensive mechanisms. In F. B. Barbour (Ed.), The Black 70’s (pp. 265–282). Boston, MA: Porter Sargent.Google Scholar
  23. Pitvorec, K., Willey, C., & Khisty, L. L. (2012). Toward a framework of principles for ensuring effective mathematics instruction for bilingual learners through curricula. In B. Atweh, M. Graven, W. Secada, & P. Valero (Eds.), Mapping equity and quality in mathematics education. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
  24. Razfar, A. (2005). Language ideologies in practice: repair & classroom discourse. Linguistics and Education, 16(4), 404–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Secada, W. (1991). Diversity, equity, and cognitivist research. In E. Fennema, T. P. Carpenter, & S. J. Lamon (Eds.), Integrating research on teaching and learning mathematics (pp. 17–53). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.Google Scholar
  26. Solórzano, D. (1998). Critical race theory, racial and gender microaggressions, and the experiences of Chicana and Chicano scholars. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 11(1), 121–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
  28. Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M. B., Nadal, K. L., et al. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62(4), 271–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Tejeda, C., Espinoza, M., & Gutierrez, K. (2003). Toward a decolonizing pedagogy: social justice reconsidered. In P. Trifonas (Ed.), Pedagogy of difference (pp. 10–40). New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
  30. Valencia, R. R. (2010). Dismantling contemporary deficit thinking: educational thought and practice. New York, NY: Routledge.Google Scholar
  31. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: the development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
  32. Zevenbergen, R. (2001). Mathematics, social class, and linguistic capital: An analysis on mathematics classroom interactions. In B. Atweh, H. Forgasz, & B. Nebres (Eds.), Sociocultural research on mathematics education (pp. 201–216). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia, Inc. 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Language, Literacy, & Sociocultural Studies University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueUSA
  2. 2.Curriculum & InstructionUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoOak BrookUSA

Personalised recommendations