Association between attentional function and postural instability in Japanese older patients with diabetes mellitus
- 126 Downloads
- 1 Citations
Abstract
Aims
This study assessed the association between attentional function and postural instability in older Japanese patients with diabetes.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 168 older patients with diabetes who were referred to an outpatient diabetic clinic between June and July 2013. The Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A) was used to evaluate attentional function. Posturography was used to evaluate postural sway. Indices of postural sway were the total length and the enveloped area. Analysis of covariance was used to estimate the multivariable-adjusted means of indices of postural sway according to tertile of TMT-A.
Results
After adjustment for age, sex, regular exercise, diabetic retinopathy, bilateral numbness and/or paresthesia in the feet, hemoglobin A1c level, quadriceps strength, and Mini-Mental State Examination score, patients with lower attentional function had higher postural sway length (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1, p = 0.010) and enveloped area (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1, p = 0.030) levels than those with higher attentional function.
Conclusions
Among older patients with diabetes who did not have dementia, patients with lower attentional function may have more postural instability than those with higher attentional function.
Keywords
Attentional function Trail making test Postural instabilityNotes
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Fund for Care Prevention from NPO Biwako Health and Welfare Consortium and Shiga Prefecture. This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (grant no. 25862144, 15K20762).
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Human rights statement and informed consent
All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (Shiga University of Medical Science, an Ethical Committee) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later revisions. Informed consent was obtained from all patients included in the study.
Supplementary material
References
- 1.Centers for disease control and prevention. injury prevention and control: data and statistics (WISQARS). http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html. Accessed 3 April 2015.
- 2.Yau RK, Strotmeyer ES, Resnick HE, et al. Diabetes and risk of hospitalized fall injury among older adults. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:3985–91.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 3.Schwartz AV, Vittinghoff E, Sellmeyer DE, et al. Diabetes-related complications, glycemic control, and falls in older adults. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:391–6.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 4.Cheng G, Huang C, Deng H, et al. Diabetes as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Intern Med J. 2012;42:484–91.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 5.Sakurai T, Yokono K. Comprehensive studies of cognitive impairment of the elderly with type 2 diabetes. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2006;6:159–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Araki A, Ito H. Glucose metabolism, advanced glycation end products, and cognition. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2004;4:S108–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Mirelman A, Herman T, Brozgol M, et al. Executive function and falls in older adults: new findings from a 5 year prospective study link fall risk to cognition. PLoS One. 2012;7:e40297.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 8.Murata S, Tsuda A, Inatani F. The relationship of physical and cognitive factors with falls in the elderly disabled at home: one year follow-up study. Jpn J Behav Med. 2005;11:32–40 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
- 9.Smith MA, Else JE, Paul L, et al. Functional living in older adults with type 2 diabetes: executive functioning, dual task performance, and the impact on postural stability and motor control. J Aging Health. 2014;26:841–59.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 10.Morimoto A, Sonoda N, Ugi S, et al. Association between symptoms of bilateral numbness and/or paresthesia in the feet and postural instability in Japanese patients with diabetes. Diabetol Int. 2015. doi: 10.1007/s13340-015-0214-2.Google Scholar
- 11.Spreen O, Strauss E. Trail making test. A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms and commentary. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998.Google Scholar
- 12.Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–98.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 13.Kashiwagi A, Kasuga M, Araki E, et al. International clinical harmonization of glycated hemoglobin in Japan: from Japan diabetes society to national glycohemoglobin standardization program values. J Diabetes Invest. 2012;3:39–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.Orr R. Contribution of muscle weakness to postural instability in the elderly. A systematic review. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2010;46:183–220.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 15.Allet L, Armand S, de Bie RA, et al. The gait and balance of patients with diabetes can be improved: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2010;53:458–66.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 16.Hsu YF, Hämäläinen JA, Waszak F. Both attention and prediction are necessary for adaptive neuronal tuning in sensory processing. Front Hum Neurosci. 2014;8:152.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
- 17.Manchester D, Woollacott M, Zederbauer-Hylton N, et al. Visual, vestibular and somatosensory contributions to balance control in the older adult. J Gerontol. 1989;4:118–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar