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Intracranial Applications of Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound

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Neurotherapeutics

Abstract

The ability to focus acoustic energy through the intact skull on to targets millimeters in size represents an important milestone in the development of neurotherapeutics. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a novel, noninvasive method, which—under real-time imaging and thermographic guidance—can be used to generate focal intracranial thermal ablative lesions and disrupt the blood–brain barrier. An established treatment for bone metastases, uterine fibroids, and breast lesions, MRgFUS has now been proposed as an alternative to open neurosurgical procedures for a wide variety of indications. Studies investigating intracranial MRgFUS range from small animal preclinical experiments to large, late-phase randomized trials that span the clinical spectrum from movement disorders, to vascular, oncologic, and psychiatric applications. We review the principles of MRgFUS and its use for brain-based disorders, and outline future directions for this promising technology.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Eyal Zadicario and Lynn Golumbic of InSightec for the images in shown in Figs 1 and 2. NL has nothing to declare. KH is an inventor of intellectual property related to trans-skull focused ultrasound treatments owned by Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston, MA, USA) and licensed to InSightec. AML, TGM and MLS are consultants to the Focused Ultrasound Foundation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst Street, 4W-431, Toronoto, M5T 2S8, Canada

    Nir Lipsman & Andres M. Lozano

  2. Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Todd G. Mainprize & Michael L. Schwartz

  3. Physical Sciences platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Kullervo Hynynen

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  1. Nir Lipsman
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  5. Andres M. Lozano
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Correspondence to Nir Lipsman.

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Lipsman, N., Mainprize, T.G., Schwartz, M.L. et al. Intracranial Applications of Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound. Neurotherapeutics 11, 593–605 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-014-0281-2

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