Terminally-crosslinked sulfonated poly(fluorenyl ether sulfone) as a highly conductive and stable proton exchange membrane
- 106 Downloads
- 9 Citations
Abstract
Sulfonated poly(fluorenyl ether sulfone) (PFES) with a terminally-crosslinked network structure was prepared by heat-induced crosslinking of the allyl-terminated telechelic sulfone polymers using a bisazide. The crosslinked polymer membrane with a sulfofluorenyl moiety of 70% (PFES-70) showed excellent hydrolytic, dimensional, and mechanical stability. The crosslinked PFES-70 membrane revealed a proton conductivity of 0.04 S/cm at 20 °C, which increased significantly with increasing temperature. The conductivity of 0.38 S/cm at 100 °C for PFES-70 was higher than that of both non-crosslinked (0.33 S/cm) and Nafion® (0.17 S/cm). In addition, the crosslinked PFES-70 showed a methanol permeability of only 1.4% (3.9×10−8 cm2/s) compared to Nafion®.
Keywords
polymer electrolyte membrane sulfonated poly(fluorenyl ether sulfone) terminal crosslinking proton conductivity dimensional stabilityPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- (1).Y. Yang and S. Holdcroft, Fuel Cells, 5, 171 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (2).K. A. Mauritz and R. B. Moore, Chem. Rev., 104, 4535 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (3).M. Rikukawa and K. Sanui, Prog. Polym. Sci., 25, 1463 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (4).A. S. Arico, S. Srinivasan, and V. Antonucci, Fuel Cells, 1, 133 (2001).Google Scholar
- (5).M. A. Hickner, H. Ghassemi, Y. S. Kim, B. R. Einsla, and J. E. Mcgrath, Chem. Rev., 104, 4587 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (6).M. Ueda, H. Toyota, T. Ochi, J. Sugiyama, K. Yonetake, T. Masuko, and T. Teramoto, J. Polym. Sci., 31, 853 (1993).Google Scholar
- (7).M. J. Sumner, W. L. Harrison, R. M. Weyers, Y. S. Kim, J. E. McGrath, J. S. Riffle, A. Brink, and M. H. Brink, J. Membr. Sci., 239, 199 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (8).T. Higashihara, K. Matsumoto, and M. Ueda, Polymer, 50, 5341 (2009).Google Scholar
- (9).J. A. Kerres, J. Membr. Sci., 185, 3 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (10).Y. Yin, S. Hayashi, O. Yamada, H. Kita, and K. Okamoto, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 26, 696 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (11).Q. Guo, P. N. Pintauro, H. Tang, and S. O’Connor, J. Membr. Sci., 154, 175 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (12).J. A. Kerres, Fuel Cells, 5, 230 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (13).F. C. Ding, S. J. Wang, M. Xiao, X. H. Li, and Y. Z. Meng, J. Power Sources, 170, 20 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (14).F. C. Ding, S. J. Wang, M. Xiao, and Y. Z. Meng, J. Power Sources, 164, 488 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (15).J. Kerres, W. Cui, and M. Junginger, J. Membr. Sci., 139, 227 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (16).S. D. Mikhailenko, K. Wang, S. Kaliaguine, P. Xing, G. P. Robertson, and M. D. Guiver, J. Membr. Sci., 233, 93 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (17).P. Xing, G. P. Robertson, M. D. Guiver, S. D. Mikhailenko, K. Wang, and S. Kaliaguine, J. Membr. Sci., 229, 95 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (18).C. Hasiotis, V. Deimede, and C. Kontoyannis, Electrochim. Acta, 46, 2401 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (19).J. Kerres, A. Ullrich, F. Meier, and T. Haring, Solid State Ionics, 125, 243 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (20).K. Miyatake, H. Zhou, T. Matsuo, H. Uchida, and M. Watanabe, Macromolecules, 37, 4961 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (21).D. K. Lee, J. T. Park, D. K. Roh, B. R. Min, and J. H. Kim, Macromol. Res., 17, 325 (2009).Google Scholar
- (22).K.-S. Lee, M.-H. Jeong, J.-P. Lee, and J.-S. Lee, Macromolecules, 42, 584 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (23).S. Zhong, X. Sui, H. Kai, T. Fu, C. Zhao, and H. Na, J. Power Sources, 164, 65 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (24).K.-B. Heo, H.-J. Lee, H.-J. Kim, B.-S. Kim, S.-Y. Lee, E. Cho, I.-H. Oh, S.-A. Hong, and T.-H. Lim, J. Power Sources, 172, 215 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (25).S. Zhong, C. Liu, and H. Na, J. Membr. Sci., 326, 400 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (26).B. Kosmala and J. Schauer, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 85, 1118 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (27).Y. Gao, G. P. Robertson, M. D. Guiver, X. Jian, S. D. Mikhailenko, and S. Kaliaguine, Solid State Ionics, 176, 409 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (28).Y.-S. Oh, H.-J. Lee, M. Yoo, H.-J. Kim, J. Han, K. K. Kim, J.-D. Hong, and T.-H. Kim, Chem. Commun., 2028 (2008).Google Scholar
- (29).Y.-S. Oh, H.-J. Lee, M. Yoo, H.-J. Kim, J. Han, and T.-H. Kim, J. Membr. Sci., 323, 309 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (30).K. Miyatake, H. Zhou, H. Uchida, and M. Watanabe, Chem. Commun., 368 (2003).Google Scholar
- (31).K. Miyatake, H. Zhou, and M. Watanabe, Macromolecules, 37, 4956 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (32).B. Liu, D. S. Kim, J. Murphy, G. P. Robertson, and M. D. Guiver, J. Membr. Sci., 280, 54 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (33).X. Shang, S. Tian, L. Kong, and Y. Meng, J. Membr. Sci., 266, 94 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (34).K. Miyatake, Y. Chikashige, and M. Watanabe, Macromolecules, 36, 9691 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (35).K. Miyatake, K. Oyaizu, E. Tsuchida, and A. S. Hay, Macromolecules, 34, 2065 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (36).P. Colomban and A. Novak, in Proton Conductors, P. Colomban, Ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1992, pp 38–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (37).K. D. Kreuer, Chem. Mater., 8, 610 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (38).K. D. Kreuer, J. Membr. Sci., 185, 29 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (39).K. D. Kreuer, Solid State Ionics, 136–137, 149 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (40).Y. S. Kim, F. Wang, M. Hickner, S. McCartney, Y. T. Hong, W. Harrison, T. A. Zawodzinski, and J. E. McGrath, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 41, 2816 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (41).C. G. Cho, S. H. Kim, Y. C. Park, H. Kim, and J.-W. Park, J. Membr. Sci., 308, 96 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- (42).C.-K. Lin, J.-F. Kuo, and C.-Y. Chen, J. Power Sources, 187, 341 (2009).Google Scholar
- (43).S. M. J. Zaidi, S. D. Mikhailenko, G. P. Robertson, M. D. Guiver, and S. Kaliaguine, J. Membr. Sci., 173, 17 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
