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Phyllosticta species associated with citrus diseases in China

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Abstract

Phyllosticta species associated with diseases of four commercial Citrus species grown in China are reported. Totally, 496 Phyllosticta strains were isolated from mandarins (Citrus reticulata), pomeloes (C. maxima), oranges (C. sinensis) and lemons (C. limon) in the main citrus producing regions across China, and 74 strains were selected for phylogenetic analysis. Analyses inferred from the sequences of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S nrDNA and ITS2), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) and partial actin gene (ACT), showed these representative Phyllosticta isolates clustered in four distinct clades corresponding to three known, and one undescribed species. The newly resolved taxon, Phyllosticta citrichinaensis was isolated from leaves and fruits of all four Citrus species and is introduced in this paper. This taxon caused minor damage, showing irregular spots or freckles. Phyllosticta citriasiana, associated with tan spot of pomeloes, was isolated only from pomeloes, and never from lemons, mandarins and oranges. Phyllosticta citricarpa, the citrus black spot pathogen, which is presently subjected to phytosanitary legislation in the EU and United States, was isolated from lemons, mandarins and oranges, but never from pomeloes. The isolates of P. citricarpa clustered in two subclades, one from mandarins, the other from oranges and lemons. P. capitalensis was isolated from all four Citrus species as an endophyte, causing false melanose, or together with P. citricarpa or P. citriasiana. Morphological, cultural and biochemical characters were consistent with the results of phylogenetic analysis. In addition, a specific primer pair Pca8/ITS4 was designed and selected, and its corresponding PCR procedure was developed for the detection of P. citriasiana in this study.

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Dr. Lei Cai (Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing China) and Dongliang Yu (Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China) for their helpful suggestions in phylogenetic analysis. This work was supported by the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (MATRS) of China, the National Foundation of Natural Science of China (31071649). The Global Research Network for Fungal Biology and King Saud University are thanked for supporting this research. MFLU awarded grant No 53101020017 to study the genus Phyllosticta in northern Thailand and the National Research Council of Thailand awarded grant No 54201020004 to study the genus Phyllosticta in Thailand.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People’s Republic of China

    Xinghong Wang, Guoqing Chen, Feng Huang, Jingze Zhang & Hongye Li

  2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests of Minstry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People’s Republic of China

    Xinghong Wang, Guoqing Chen, Feng Huang, Jingze Zhang & Hongye Li

  3. School of Science Mae Fah Luang University, 333 M. 1. T. Tasud Muang District, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Kevin D. Hyde

  4. College of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia

    Kevin D. Hyde

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  1. Xinghong Wang
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Correspondence to Hongye Li.

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Wang, X., Chen, G., Huang, F. et al. Phyllosticta species associated with citrus diseases in China. Fungal Diversity 52, 209–224 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0140-y

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