Symbiosis

, Volume 73, Issue 3, pp 213–222 | Cite as

Analysis of fatty acid composition of PGPR Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 and its role in ameliorating salt stress in wheat

Short Communication
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:
  • 184 Downloads

Abstract

A halotolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can ameliorate salt stress in associated plants by various mechanisms. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize a PGPR Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 for its ability to tolerate salt stress and to study the mechanism of PGPR-mediated mitigation of salt stress in the wheat plant. The abiotic stressors result in multiple changes in the fatty acid composition of Klebsiella sp. SBP-8, helping the membrane to keep its integrity, fluidity, and function for its growth under salt (NaCl) stress conditions. The changes in fatty acid composition of test organism were analyzed by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis under varying saline conditions. The spectroscopy (GC-MS) profile of cell extract at different salt concentrations was comprised of hydrocarbons, and fatty alcohols with varying carbon chain length. Inoculation of Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 to wheat seedling showed increase in proline, total soluble sugar, and total protein content of treated plants. Bacterial inoculation also decreased the concentration of salinity-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In addition, bacterial inoculation also increased the various antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) in treated plants. It is likely that bacterial inoculation alleviated the salt stress to wheat plant by co-ordination of antioxidative machinery, and improvement in osmolyte contents. Therefore, the present study suggests that bacterial-inoculated wheat plants were able to cope better with salt stress than uninoculated control, therefore it can serve as a promising bio-inoculant for enhancing the growth of wheat like cereal crops under saline stress.

Keywords

Halotolerant PGPR bacteria Salt stress GC-MS Fatty acids methyl ester Osmolytes Antioxidative enzymes 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgement

We are grateful to Department of Biotechnology (Grant No. BT/PR14527/AGR/21/326/2010), Govt. of India, New Delhi to PNJ for their support by providing the fund for carrying out the research work

Supplementary material

13199_2017_477_MOESM1_ESM.docx (315 kb)
Suppl. Fig. 1 GC-MS chromatogram of FAMEs (fatty acid methyl esters) of Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 under varying salt concentrations (0–200 mM) (A) control (0 mM NaCl) (B) 175 mM NaCl (C) 200 mM NaCl. (DOCX 315 kb)

References

  1. Aghaleh M, Niknam V (2009) Effect of salinity on some physiological and biochemical parameters in explants of two cultivars of soybean (Glyicine max L.). J Phytol 1:86–94Google Scholar
  2. Andreae WA, Ysselstein MWH (1960) Studies on 3-indoleacetic acid metabolism VI. 3-indoleacetic acid uptake and metabolism by pea roots as compared to pea epicotyls. Plant Physiol 35:225–232CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  3. Ashraf M, Mukhtar N, Rehman S, Rha ES (2004) Salt-induced changes in photosynthetic activity and growth in a potential plant bishop, sea-weed (Ammolei majus L.). Photosynthetica 42:543–550CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Barka EA, Nowak J, Clement C (2006) Enhancement of chilling resistance of inoculated grapevine plantlets with a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:7246–7252CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Barnawal D, Bharti N, Maji D, Chanotiya CS, Kalra A (2014) ACC deaminase-containing Arthrobacter protophormiae induces NaCl stress tolerance through reduced ACC oxidase activity and ethylene production resulting in improved nodulation and mycorrhization in Pisum sativum. J Plant Physiol 171:884–894CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Barra PJ, Inostroza NJ, Jacquelinne J, Acuña JJ, Mora ML, Crowley DE, Jorquera MA (2016) Formulation of bacterial consortia from avocado (Persea americana mill.) and their effect on growth, biomass and superoxide dismutase activity of wheat seedlings under salt stress. Appl Soil Ecol 102:80–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Barriuso J, Solano BR, Lucas JA, Lobo AP, Villaraco AG, Manero FJG (2008) Ecology, genetic diversity and screening strategies of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In: Ahmad I, Pichtel J, Hayat S (eds) Plant-bacteria interactions. Strategies and techniques to promote plant growth. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, p 1–17Google Scholar
  8. Bates L, Waldren RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil 39:205–207CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Beauchamp, Fridovich (1971) Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in excised ragi leave during senescence. Ind J Exp Bot 20:412–416Google Scholar
  10. Bharti N, Pandey SS, Barnawal D, Patel VK, Kalra A (2016) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Dietzia natronolimnaea modulates the expression of stress responsive genes providing protection of wheat from salinity stress. Scientific reports 6:34768CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  11. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72(1–2):248–254Google Scholar
  12. Bui EN (2013) Soil salinity: a neglected factor in plant ecology and biogeography. J Arid Environ 92:14–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Campbell SA, Close TJ (1997) Dehydrins: genes, proteins and associations with phenotypic traits. New Phytol 137:61–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Christie WW (2003) Lipid Analysis, 3rd edn. The Oily Press, Bridgwater, UKGoogle Scholar
  15. Denich TJ, Beaudettle LA, Lee H, Trevors JT (2003) Effects of selected environmental and physico-chemical factors on bacterial cytoplasmic membranes. J Microbiol Meth 52:149CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Dimkpa CO, Merten D, Svatoš A, Büchel G, Kothe E (2009b) Siderophores mediate reduced and increased uptake of cadmium by Streptomyces tendae F4 and sunflower (Helianthus annuus), respectively. J Appl Microbiol doi. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04355.x Google Scholar
  17. Dworken M, Foster J (1958) Experiments with some microorganisms which utilize ethane and hydrogen. J Bacteriol 75:592–601Google Scholar
  18. Edgar OR-P, Castellanos T, Enrique TD, Bernardo MA (2003) Effects of a nitrogen-fixing indigenous bacterium (Klebsiella pneumoniae) on the growth and development of the halophyte Salicornia bigelovii as a new crop for saline environments. J Agron Crop Sci 189:323–332CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Egley GH, Paul RN, Vaughn KC, Duke SO (1983) Role of peroxidise in the development of water-impermeable seed coats in Sida spinosa L. Planta 157:224–232CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Fu Q, Liu C, Ding N, Lin Y, Guo B (2010) Ameliorative effects of inoculation with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas sp. DW1 on growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) seedlings under salt stress. Agric Water Manag 97:1994–2000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Gill SS, Tuteja N (2010) Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 48:909–930CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Glick BR (2014) Bacteria with ACC deaminase can promote plant growth and help to feed the world. Microbiol Res 169:30–39CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Grogan DW, Cronan JE Jr (1997) Cyclopropane ring formation in membrane lipids of bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 61:429–441Google Scholar
  24. Gururani MA, Upadhyaya CP, Strasser RJ, Woong YJ, Park SW (2012) Physiological and biochemical responses of transgenic potato plants with altered expression of PSII manganese stabilizing protein. Plant Physiol Biochem 58:182–194CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Habib SH, Kausar H, Saud HM (2015) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance salinity stress tolerance in okra through ROS-scavenging enzymes. Biomed Res Inter 16:6284547Google Scholar
  26. Han HS, Lee KD (2005) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: effect on antioxidant status, photosynthesis, mineral uptake and growth of lettuce under soil salinity. Res J Agri Biol Sci 1:210–215Google Scholar
  27. Hanson AD, Nelson CE (1978) Betaine accumulation and (14C) formate metabolism in water stressed barley leaves. Plant Physiol 62:305–312CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  28. Hasnain S, Sabri AN (1996) Growth stimulation of Triticum aestvum seedlings under Cr-stress by non-rhizospheric Pseudomonas strains. In: abstract book of 7 Int. Symp. On Nitrogen Fixation with Non- legumes. Faisalabad, Pakistan, p 36Google Scholar
  29. Hodges DM, Delong JM, Forney CF, Prange RK (1999) Improving the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay for estimating lipid peroxidation in plant tissue containing anthocyanin and other interfering compounds. Planta 207:604–611CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Irigoyen JJ, Einerich DW, Sanchez-Diaz M (1992) Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiol Plant 84:55–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Jana S, Choudhuri M (1981) Glycolate metabolism of three submerged aquatic angiosperms during aging. Aquat Bot 12:345–354CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  32. Karthikeyan B, Joe MM, Islam R, Sa T (2012) ACC deaminase containing diazotrophic endophytic bacteria ameliorate salt stress in Catharanthus roseus through reduced ethylene levels and induction of antioxidative defense systems. Symbiosis 56:77–86CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Kohler J, Hernandez JA, Caravaca F, Roldàn A (2009) Induction of antioxidant enzymes is involved in the greater effectiveness of a PGPR versus AM fungi with respect to increasing the tolerance of lettuce to severe salt stress. Environ Exp Bot 65:245–252CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. Liszkay A, Van der Zalm E, Schopfer P (2004) Production of reactive oxygen intermediates (O2 ˙−, H2O2, and ˙OH) by maize roots and their role in wall loosening and elongation growth. Plant Physiol 136(2):3114–3123CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  35. Luck H (1974) Catalase. In: Bergmeyer HU (ed) Methods in enzymatic analysis. Academic Press, New York, pp 885–894Google Scholar
  36. Matysik J, Alia A, Bhalu B, Mohanty P (2002) Molecular mechanisms of quenching of reactive oxygen species by proline under stress in plants. Curr Sci 82:525–532Google Scholar
  37. Mittler R (2002) Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sci 7:405–410CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Mishra A, Jha B (2011) Antioxidant response of the microalga Dunaliella salina under salt stress. Bot Mar 54:195–199Google Scholar
  39. Mishra S, Singh RP, Raghuvanshi S, Gupta S (2015) Deducing the bio-perspective capabilities of Fe (II) oxidizing bacterium isolated from extreme environment. Biochem Anal Biochem 4:166Google Scholar
  40. Naseem H, Bano A (2014) Role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their exopolysaccharide in drought tolerance of maize. J Plant Inter 9:689–701Google Scholar
  41. Nadeem SM, Ahmad ZZ, Naveed M, Arshad M (2007) Preliminary investigations on inducing salt tolerance in maize through inoculation with rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase activity. Can J Microbiol 53:1141–1149CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  42. Patrignani F, Iucci L, Belletti N, Gardini F, Guerzoni ME, Lanciotti R (2008) Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of hexanal and 2-(E)-hexenal on membrane fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. Int J Food Microbiol 123:1–8CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  43. Quiroga M, Guerrero C, Botella MA, Barceló AR, Medina MI, Alonso FJ (2000) A tomato peroxidase involved in the synthesis of lignin and suberin. Plant Physiol 122:1119–1127CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  44. Shafi M, Bakht J, Khan MJ, Khan MA (2010) Effect of salinity and ion accumulation of wheat genotypes. Pak J Bot 42:4113–4121Google Scholar
  45. Scandalios JG, Guan L, Polidords AN (1997) Catalases in plants: gene structure, proprieties, and expression. In: Scandalios JG (ed) Oxidative stress and the molecular biology of antioxidant Defences. Cold Spring Harbor, New York, pp 343–406Google Scholar
  46. Singh RP, Jha P, Jha PN (2015) The plant growth promoting bacterium Klebsiella sp. SBP-8 confers induced systemic tolerance in wheat plant. J Plant Physiol 184:57–67CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  47. Sziderics AH, Rasche F, Trognitz F, Sessitsch A, Wilhelm E (2007) Bacterial endophytes contribute to abiotic stress adaptation in pepper plants (L.). Can J Microbiol 53(11):1195–1202Google Scholar
  48. Tattini M, Traversi ML, Castelli S, Biricolti S, Guidi L, Massai R (2009) Contrasting response mechanisms to root-zone salinity in three co-occurring Mediterranean woody evergreens: a physiological and biochemical study. Funct Plant Biol 36:551–563CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. Torok Z, Horvath I, Goloubinoff P, Kovacs E, Glatz A, Balogh G, Vigh L (1997) Evidence for a lipochaperonin: association of active protein-folding GroESL oligomers with lipids can stabilize membranes under heat shock conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:2192–2197CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  50. Unyayar S, Celik A, Cekic FO, Gozel A (2006) Cadmium-induced genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in Allium sativum and Vicia faba. Mutagenesis 21:77–81CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  51. Upadhyay SK, Singh JS, Singh DP (2011) Exopolysaccharide-producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria under salinity condition. Pedosphere 2:214–222CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. Upadhyay SK, Singh JS, Saxena A, Singh DP (2014) Impact of PGPR inoculation on growth and antioxidants status of wheat plant under saline condition. Plant Biol 14:605–611CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. Vardharajula S, Ali SZ, Grover M, Reddy G, Bandi V (2011) Drought-tolerant plant growth promoting Bacillus spp.: effect on growth, osmolytes, and antioxidant status of maize under drought stress. J Plant Inter 6:1–14Google Scholar
  54. Wang Y, Wang H, Yang CH, Wang Q, Mei R (2007) Two distinct manganese-containing superoxide dismutase genes in Bacillus Cereus: their physiological characterizations and roles in surviving in wheat rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiol Lett 272:206–213CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  55. Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2001) Biological functions of proline osmotolerance revealed in antisense transgenic plants JIRCAS Newslett 27Google Scholar
  56. Zimmermann P, Zentgraf U (2005) The correlation between oxidative stress and leaf senescence during plant development. Cell Mol Biol Lett 10:515–534PubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Biological ScienceBirla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)PilaniIndia

Personalised recommendations