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Factors Associated with Cancer Screening Among Hopi Men

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Abstract

Cancer screening rates remain low among American Indian men, and cancer screening behaviors and barriers to cancer screening among American Indian men are not well understood. This study evaluated cancer screening behaviors in 102 Hopi men who were 50 years of age or older from the Hopi Survey of Cancer and Chronic Disease. Reported cancer screening frequencies were 15.7%, 45.1%, and 35.3% for fecal occult blood test (FOBT), colonoscopy, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, respectively. Among men who reported having had a FOBT, 81.2% had the test more than 1 year ago. Among men who reported a colonoscopy, 60.8% had colonoscopy within the past 3 years. Similarly, among men who reported having had PSA, 72.3% had PSA within the past 3 years. “No one told me” was the most common answer for not undergoing FOBT (33.7%), colonoscopy (48.2%), and PSA (39.4%). Men who reported having had a PSA or digital rectal exam were three times as likely to also report having a FOBT or colonoscopy (odds ratio [OR] 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–8.46). Younger age (< 65) was associated with reduced odds of ever having prostate cancer screening (OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.10–0.77). Ever having colorectal cancer screening and previous diagnosis of cancer increased odds of ever having prostate cancer screening (OR 3.15, 95% CI: 1.13–8.81 and OR 5.28, 95% CI: 1.15–24.18 respectively). This study illustrates the importance of community cancer education for men to improve cancer screening participation.

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Acknowledgments

This study would not be possible without the support and resolution approval from the Hopi Tribal Council and the Hopi men who are current and former members of the Community Advisory Committee. Above all, we thank all the Hopi male participants for their willingness to participate in the study. The team acknowledges funding support from the National Cancer Institute through Northern Arizona University-University of Arizona Cancer Center (NAU/UAC Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention (NACP) U54CA143925 (UACC NACP Grant Number U54CA143924)) and Arizona Department of Health Services, Arizona Biomedical Research Commission (Contract to UA: ADHS13-031255/Brown (PI)).

Funding

This study received funding from the National Cancer Institute through Northern Arizona University-University of Arizona Cancer Center (NAU/UAC Partnership for Native American Cancer Prevention (NACP) U54CA143925 (UACC NACP Grant Number U54CA143924)) and Arizona Department of Health Services, Arizona Biomedical Research Commission (Contract to UA: ADHS13-031255/Brown (PI)).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Ken Batai

  2. University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave., PO Box 245024, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA

    Ken Batai, Kathylynn Saboda & Robin B. Harris

  3. Health Sciences Department, Student & Academic Services Center, College of Health and Human Services, Northern Arizona University, 1100 South Beaver Street, PO Box #15095, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA

    Priscilla R. Sanderson & Jordan Ojeda

  4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Sylvia R. Brown & Robin B. Harris

  5. Hopi Tribe, Kykotsmovi, AZ, USA

    Lori Joshweseoma & Lloyd Joshweseoma

  6. HOPI Cancer Support Services, Department of Health and Human Services, Hopi Tribe, Kykotsmovi, AZ, USA

    Dana Russell & Delores Ami

  7. Native American Cancer Research Corporation, Pine, CO, USA

    Linda Burhansstipanov

Authors
  1. Ken Batai
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  2. Priscilla R. Sanderson
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  11. Kathylynn Saboda
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Contributions

KB, PRS, LJ, DR, SRB, and RBH designed the research; KB, PRS, JO, and RBH wrote the manuscript; PRS, LJ, LJ, DR, SRB, DA, and RBH collected the data; CHH and KS performed statistical analysis; LB advised the research; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ken Batai or Priscilla R. Sanderson.

Ethics declarations

The research protocol was approved by the Hopi Tribal Council and The University of Arizona Institutional Review Board.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Batai, K., Sanderson, P.R., Hsu, CH. et al. Factors Associated with Cancer Screening Among Hopi Men. J Canc Educ 37, 915–923 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-020-01900-4

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