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Facies-dependent early diagenesis and hydrothermal reworking in dolostones: a case study on upper Permian and lower Triassic in northeast Sichuan Basin

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Abstract

In this study, we systemically investigated the petrological features and geochemical compositions of dolostones in various sedimentary facies, to provide more understanding on the effects of facies-dependent diagenesis and hydrothermal reworking during the post-deposition stage. Microscopic observations and XRD analyses of carbonate were performed as well as analyses of C–O–Sr isotopic and elemental concentrations. Multiple evidence demonstrated that dolostones in the studied section underwent meteoric diagenesis and hydrothermal alterations. Effects of meteoric diagenesis were represented by meteoric dissolution, dedolomitization and calcite cementation, and varied along the downward migration of meteoric flow. Generally, meteoric dissolution mainly occurred in the exposure ooid shoal complex in the lower Triassic and accounted for the formation of mold pore, while in the underlying reef dolostones of the upper Permian, interparticle pores and cavities were mostly blocked by sparry calcite cement. Ooid dolostone layers in the lower Triassic exhibited low 87Sr/86Sr ratios and high Ba concentrations with saddle dolomite cement rimmed around the pore, demonstrating the relatively intense hydrothermal reworking. We inferred that high-permeability layers produced by early meteoric dissolution facilitated the migration of hydrothermal fluid and water–rock interaction in the burial stage. Petrologic observations indicated the hydrothermal reworking rearranged pore systems via regional transformation from dissolution to precipitation along the migration of fluid flows, and further enhanced the heterogeneity of the dolostone reservoir. Generally, the effects of early diagenesis and hydrothermal reworking in dolostones varied in dolostones of sedimentary facies, and high-quality dolostones reservoirs for oil and nature gas in this area formed as a result of the combined effects of early meteoric dissolution and hydrothermal reworking.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M681379 to Z. Hu), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2021CDJQY-028 to Z. Liao) and the National Science Foundation of China (grants 41830425 to W. Hu; grants 41702129 to Z. Liao). This manuscript benefits from constructive comments and suggestions from two anonymous reviewers.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Zhongya Hu

  2. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China

    Zhongya Hu, Wenxuan Hu & Funing Sun

  3. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China

    Zhiwei Liao

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  1. Zhongya Hu
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Hu, Z., Hu, W., Liao, Z. et al. Facies-dependent early diagenesis and hydrothermal reworking in dolostones: a case study on upper Permian and lower Triassic in northeast Sichuan Basin. Carbonates Evaporites 36, 63 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-021-00730-9

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