Abstract
Objectives
Although dating violence has been recognized as a major public health issue considering its high prevalence and deleterious consequences, little research has been conducted on the potential mechanisms through which dating violence is associated with negative psychological outcomes. The aim of this study was to test the mediational effect of dispositional mindfulness on the relationship between dating violence (victimization and perpetration), psychological distress, and self-esteem by including measures of both current and previous dating violence and by controlling for gender, age, and dating relationship length.
Methods
The sample consisted of 227 adolescents (127 girls and 100 boys) aged between 15 and 17 old recruited in a small urban area. They completed measures of previous and current experiences of dating victimization and perpetration, the K10 psychological distress scale, the Self-Description Questionnaire which measures self-esteem, and the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure.
Results
The results showed that previous dating violence victimization was associated with lower dispositional mindfulness, which in turn was related to lower self-esteem and higher psychological distress, suggesting a mediation through dispositional mindfulness. However, in the integrative model, previous dating violence perpetration was not associated with dispositional mindfulness, self-esteem, or psychological distress.
Conclusions
These results indicate the importance of previous dating violence victimization and its association with lower dispositional mindfulness, leading to lower self-esteem and higher psychological distress in teenagers.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the first author. However, restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study and are therefore not publicly available. However, data are available upon request from the first author and supplementary material is presented in the Appendix.
References
Ackard, D. M., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2002). Date violence and date rape among adolescents: Associations with disordered eating behaviors and psychological health. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(5), 455–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00322-8
Ackard, D. M., Neumark-Sztainer, D., & Hannan, P. (2003). Dating violence among a nationally representative sample of adolescent girls and boys: Associations with behavioral and mental health. The Journal of Gender-Specific Medicine: JGSM: The Official Journal of the Partnership for Women’s Health at Columbia, 6(3), 39–48.
Ackard, D. M., Eisenberg, M. E., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2007). Long-term impact of adolescent dating violence on the behavioral and psychological health of male and female youth. The Journal of Pediatrics, 151(5), 476–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.04.034
Banyard, V. L., & Cross, C. (2008). Consequences of teen dating violence: Understanding intervening variables in ecological context. Violence against Women, 14(9), 998–1013. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801208322058
Bolduc, R., Bigras, N., Daspe, M. -È., Hébert, M., & Godbout, N. (2018). Childhood cumulative trauma and depressive symptoms in adulthood: The role of mindfulness and dissociation. Mindfulness, 9(5), 1594–1603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0906-3
Bougie, E., Arim, R., Findlay, L., & Kohen, D. (2016). Validation de l’échelle de détresse psychologique à 10 questions de Kessler (K10) à partir de l’Enquête auprès des peuples autochtones de 2012. Statistique Canada. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003-x/2016001/article/14307-fra.htm. Accessed 20 Aug 2020.
Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., Wilson, A. D., & Witkiewitz, K. (2018). When traits match states: Examining the associations between self-report trait and state mindfulness following a state mindfulness induction. Mindfulness, 9(1), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0763-5
Brem, M. J., Wolford-Clevenger, C., Zapor, H., Elmquist, J., Shorey, R. C., & Stuart, G. L. (2018). Dispositional mindfulness as a moderator of the relationship between perceived partner infidelity and women’s dating violence perpetration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(2), 250–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515604415
Briere, J. (2015). Pain and suffering: A synthesis of Buddhist and Western approaches to trauma. In V. M. Follette, J. Briere, D. Rozelle, J. W. Hopper, & D. I. Rome (Eds.), Mindfulness-oriented interventions for trauma: Integrating contemplative practices (pp. 11–30). The Guilford Press.
Buttar, A., Clements-Nolle, K., Haas, J., & Reese, F. (2013). Dating violence, psychological distress, and attempted suicide among female adolescents in the juvenile justice system. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 19(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345812474639
Campbell, O., Bann, D., & Patalay, P. (2020). The gender gap in adolescent mental health: A cross-national investigation of 566,827 adolescents across 73 countries. medRxiv. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.20129312.
Chapman, D. P., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Edwards, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2004). Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82(2), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2003.12.013
Chiesi, F., Dellagiulia, A., Lionetti, F., Bianchi, G., & Primi, C. (2017). Using item response theory to explore the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). Mindfulness, 8(2), 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0604-y
Chiodo, D., Crooks, C. V., Wolfe, D. A., McIsaac, C., Hughes, R., & Jaffe, P. G. (2012). Longitudinal prediction and concurrent functioning of adolescent girls demonstrating various profiles of dating violence and victimization. Prevention Science: The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 13(4), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-011-0236-3
Cunha, M., & Paiva, M. J. (2012). Text anxiety in adolescents: The role of self-criticism and acceptance and mindfulness skills. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(2), 533–543. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n2.38864
Daigneault, I., Dion, J., Hébert, M., & Bourgeois, C. (2016). Mindfulness as mediator and moderator of post-traumatic symptomatology in adolescence following childhood sexual abuse or assault. Mindfulness, 7(6), 1306–1315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0571-3
de Bruin, E. I., Zijlstra, B. J. H., & Bögels, S. M. (2014). The meaning of mindfulness in children and adolescents: Further validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) in two independent samples from The Netherlands. Mindfulness, 5(4), 422–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0196-8
Diaz-Aguado, M. J., & Martinez, R. (2015). Types of adolescent male dating violence against women, self-esteem, and justification of dominance and aggression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(15), 2636–2658. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514553631
Dion, J., Paquette, L., Daigneault, I., Godbout, N., & Hébert, M. (2018a). Validation of the French version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) among samples of French and Indigenous youth. Mindfulness, 9(2), 645–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0807-x
Dion, J., Smith, K., Pelletier S., Chayer Y., Gagnon, D., & Côté, K. (2018b). Effets du programme « Les Couloirs de la violence amoureuse ». Université du Québec à Chicoutimi.
Dosil, M., Jaureguizar, J., & Bermaras, E. (2019). Variables related to victimization and perpetration of dating violence in adolescents in residential care settings. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 22(e36), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2019.35
Dosil, M., Jaureguizar, J., Bernaras, E., & Sbicigo, J. B. (2020). Teen dating violence, sexism, and resilience: A multivariate analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2652. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082652
Dumont, M. (2000). Expérience du stress à l’adolescence. International Journal of Psychology, 35(5), 194–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590050171139
Fedina, L., Howard, D. E., Wang, M. Q., & Murray, K. (2016). Teen dating violence victimization, perpetration, and sexual health correlates among urban, low-income, ethnic, and racial minority youth. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 37(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X16685249
Fernández-González, L., Wekerle, C., & Goldstein, A. L. (2012). Measuring adolescent dating violence: Development of ‘conflict in adolescent dating relationships inventory’ short form. Advances in Mental Health, 11(1), 35–54. https://doi.org/10.5172/jamh.2012.11.1.35
Follette, V. M., Briere, J., Rozelle, D., Hopper, J. W., & Rome, D. I. (Eds.). (2015). Mindfulness-oriented interventions for trauma: Integrating contemplative practices. Guilford Publications.
Foshee, V. A., Linder, F., MacDougall, J. E., & Bangdiwala, S. (2001). Gender differences in the longitudinal predictors of adolescent dating violence. Preventive Medicine, 32(2), 128–141. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0793
Gentile, B., Grabe, S., Dolan-Pascoe, B., Twenge, J. M., Wells, B. E., & Maitino, A. (2009). Gender differences in domain-specific self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Review of General Psychology, 13(1), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013689
Godbout, N., Bakhos, G., Dussault, É., & Hébert, M. (2020). Childhood interpersonal trauma and sexual satisfaction in patients seeing sex therapy: Examining mindfulness and psychological distress as mediators. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 46(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2019.1626309
Godbout, N., Therriault, C., Dion, J., & Hébert, M. (2018). Interventions axées sur la pleine conscience pour les survivants de traumas interpersonnels en enfance. In A. Devault, & G. Pérodeau (Eds.), Pleine conscience et intervention clinique (pp. 201–220). Presses de l’Université Laval (PUL).
Gómez, A. M. (2011). Testing the cycle of violence hypothesis: Child abuse and adolescent dating violence as predictors of intimate partner violence in young adulthood. Youth & Society., 43(1), 171–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X09358313
Greco, L. A., Baer, R. A., & Smith, G. T. (2011). Assessing mindfulness in children and adolescents: Development and validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 606–614. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022819
Greene, M. E., & Patton, G. (2020). Adolescence and gender equality in health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(1), S1–S2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.10.012
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage publications.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hamby, S. (2016). Self-report measures that do not produce gender parity in intimate partner violence: A multi-study investigation. Psychology of Violence, 6(2), 323–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038207
Hamby, S., & Turner, H. (2013). Measuring teen dating violence in males and females: Insights from the national survey of children’s exposure to violence. Psychology of Violence, 3(4), 323–339. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029706
Harter, S. (2006). The Development of Self-Esteem. In M. H. Kernis (Ed.), Self-esteem issues and answers: A sourcebook of current perspectives (pp. 144–150). Psychology Press.
Haynie, D. L., Farhat, T., Brooks-Russell, A., Wang, J., Barbieri, B., & Iannotti, R. J. (2013). Dating violence perpetration and victimization among U.S. adolescents: Prevalence, patterns, and associations with health complaints and substance use. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53(2), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.02.008
Hébert, M., Blais, M., & Lavoie, F. (2011). Enquête sur le Parcours amoureux des jeunes [Quebec Youth Romantic Relationships Study]. Université du Québec à Montréal.
Hébert, M., Blais, M., & Lavoie, F. (2017). Prevalence of teen dating victimization among a representative sample of high school students in Quebec. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 17(3), 225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.06.001
Hébert, M., Lapierre, A., Lavoie, F., Fernet, M., & Blais, M. (2018). La violence dans les relations amoureuses des jeunes. In J. Laforest, P. Maurice, & L. M. Bouchard (Eds.), Rapport québécois sur la violence et la santé (pp. 97–129). Institut national de santé publique du Québec.
Heise, L., & Garcia-Moreno, C. (2002). Violence by intimate partners. In E. G. Krug, L. L. Dahlberg, J. A. Mercy, A. B. Zwi, & R. Lozano (Eds.), World report on violence and health (pp. 87–122). World Health Organization.
Jackson, S., & Goossens, L. (Eds.). (2020). Handbook of adolescent development. Routledge.
Johnson, W. L., Giordano, P. C., Manning, W. D., & Longmore, M. A. (2015). The age-IPV curve: Changes in the perpetration of intimate partner violence during adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(3), 708–726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0158-z
Johnston, R., Jones, K., & Manley, D. (2018). Confounding and collinearity in regression analysis: A cautionary tale and an alternative procedure, illustrated by studies of British voting behaviour. Quality & Quantity, 52(4), 1957–1976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0584-6
Jouriles, E. N., Platt, C., & McDonald, R. (2009). Violence in adolescent dating relationships. The Prevention Researcher, 16(1), 3–7.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S.-L.T., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959–976. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291702006074
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
Koss, M. P., Abbey, A., Campbell, R., Cook, S., Norris, J., Testa, M., Ullman, S., West, C., & White, J. (2007). Revising the SES: A collaborative process to improve assessment of sexual aggression and victimization. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31(4), 357–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00385.x
Kroska, E. B., Miller, M. L., Roche, A. I., Kroska, S. K., & O’Hara, M. W. (2018). Effects of traumatic experiences on obsessive-compulsive and internalizing symptoms: The role of avoidance and mindfulness. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 326–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.039
Kuby, A. K., McLean, N., & Allen, K. (2015). Validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) with non-clinical adolescents. Mindfulness, 6(6), 1448–1455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0418-3
Lapierre, A., Paradis, A., Todorov, E., Blais, M., & Hébert, M. (2019). Trajectories of psychological dating violence perpetration in adolescence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 97, 104167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104167
Magee, W., & Upenieks, L. (2019). Gender differences in self-esteem, unvarnished self-evaluation, future orientation, self-enhancement and self-derogation in a US national sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 149, 66–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.016
Marsh, H. W., Byrne, B. M., & Shavelson, R. J. (1988). A multifaceted academic self-concept: Its hierarchical structure and its relation to academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(3), 366–380. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.80.3.366
Mauer, V. A., & Reppucci, N. D. (2019). Legal and psychological approaches to understanding and addressing teen dating violence. In B. H. Bornstein, & M. K. Miller (Eds.), Advances in Psychology and Law: Volume 4 (pp. 277–317). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11042-0_9.
Maxwell, S. E., & Cole, D. A. (2007). Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation. Psychological Methods, 12(1), 23–44. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.12.1.23
Meadows, A. L., Coker, A. L., Bush, H. M., Clear, E. R., Sprang, G., & Brancato, C. J. (2020). Sexual violence perpetration as a risk factor for current depression or posttraumatic symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520908028
Mewton, L., Kessler, R. C., Slade, T., Hobbs, M. J., Brownhill, L., Birrell, L., Tonks, Z., Teeson, M., Newton, N., Chapman, C., Allsop, S., Hides, L., McBride, N., & Andrews, G. (2016). The psychometric properties of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) in a general population sample of adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 28(10), 1232–1242. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000239
Ministère de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supérieur (2017). Indices de défavorisation des écoles publiques, 2016–2017. Écoles primaires et secondaires. Retrieved from http://www.education.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/site_web/documents/PSG/statistiques_info_decisionnelle/Indices_PUBLICATION_20162017_final.pdf. Accessed 29 Oct 2020
Monecke, A., & Leisch, F. (2012). semPLS: Structural equation modeling using partial least squares. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(3), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i03
Monroe, S. M., & Harkness, K. L. (2005). Life stress, the “kindling” hypothesis, and the recurrence of depression: Considerations from a life stress perspective. Psychological Review, 112(2), 417–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.112.2.417
Nahapetyan, L., Orpinas, P., Song, X., & Holland, K. (2014). Longitudinal association of suicidal ideation and physical dating violence among high school students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(4), 629–640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-0006-6
Orth, U., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (2010). Self-esteem development from young adulthood to old age: A cohort-sequential longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(4), 645–658. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018769
Orth, U., Erol, R. Y., & Luciano, E. C. (2018). Development of self-esteem from age 4 to 94 years: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 144(10), 1045–1080. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000161
Pallozzi, R., Wertheim, E., Paxton, S., & Ong, B. (2017). Trait mindfulness measures for use with adolescents: A systematic review. Mindfulness, 8(1), 110–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0567-z
Pflieger, J. C., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2006). Parenting processes and dating violence: The mediating role of self-esteem in low- and high-SES adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 29(4), 495–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.10.002
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 539–569.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. https://doi.org/10.3758/brm.40.3.879
Rau, H. K., & Williams, P. G. (2016). Dispositional mindfulness: A critical review of construct validation research. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.035
Ray, S., Danks, N., & Calero Valdez, A. (2021). SEMinR: Domain-specific language for building, estimating, and visualizing structural equation models in R. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3900621
Robinson, J. M., Ladd, B. O., & Anderson, K. G. (2014). When you see it, let it be: Urgency, mindfulness and adolescent substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 39(6), 1038–1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.011
Rudolph, K. D., Flynn, M., & Abaied, J. L. (2008). A developmental perspective on interpersonal theories of youth depression. In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 79–102). The Guilford Press.
Salk, R. H., Hyde, J. S., & Abramson, L. Y. (2017). Gender differences in depression in representative national samples: Meta-analyses of diagnoses and symptoms. Psychological Bulletin, 143(8), 783–822. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000102
Scott-Storey, K. (2011). Cumulative abuse: Do things add up? An evaluation of the conceptualization, operationalization, and methodological approaches in the study of the phenomenon of cumulative abuse. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 12(3), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838011404253
Shorey, R. C., Zucosky, H., Brasfield, H., Febres, J., Cornelius, T. L., Sage, C., & Stuart, G. L. (2012). Dating violence prevention programming: Directions for future interventions. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(4), 289–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.03.001
Shorey, R. C., Elmquist, J., Zucosky, H., Febres, J., Brasfield, H., & Stuart, G. L. (2014). Experiential avoidance and male dating violence perpetration: An initial investigation. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(2), 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.02.003
Shrout, P. E. (2011). Mediation analysis, causal process, and cross-sectional data. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(5), 852–860. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.606718
Statistique Canada. (1995). Enquête longitudinale nationale sur les enfants. Matériel d’enquête pour la collecte des données de 1994 – 1995. Cycle 1. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/fr/pub/89f0077x/89f0077x1996001-fra.pdf?st=zPoWEMga. Accessed 29 Aug 2020
Stekhoven, D. J., & Bühlmann, P. (2012). MissForest–non-parametric missing value imputation for mixed-type data. Bioinformatics, 28(1), 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr597
Tan, L. B., & Martin, G. (2016). Mind full or mindful: A report on mindfulness and psychological health in healthy adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 21(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2012.709174
Temple, J. R., Choi, H. J., Elmquist, J., Hecht, M., Miller-Day, M., Stuart, G. L., Brem, M., & Wolford-Clevenger, C. (2016). Psychological abuse, mental health, and acceptance of dating violence among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(2), 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.034
Thompson, R. W., Arnkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (2011). Conceptualizing mindfulness and acceptance as components of psychological resilience to trauma. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 12(4), 220–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838011416375
Turner, J., Johnson, C., & Gleason, P. (2020). Examining the effects of intimate partner violence on psychological distress between genders. Scientia Moralitas Research Institute.
Van Ouytsel, J., Ponnet, K., & Walrave, M. (2017). The associations of adolescents’ dating violence victimization, well-being and engagement in risk behaviors. Journal of Adolescence, 55, 66–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.005
Viñas, F., Malo, S., González, M., Navarro, D., & Casas, F. (2015). Assessing mindfulness on a sample of Catalan-speaking Spanish adolescents: Validation of the Catalan version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 18(46), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2015.48
Wekerle, C., Leung, E., Wall, A.-M., MacMillan, H., Boyle, M., Trocme, N., & Waechter, R. (2009). The contribution of childhood emotional abuse to teen dating violence among child protective services-involved youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.12.006
West, P., & Sweeting, H. (2003). Fifteen, female and stressed: Changing patterns of psychological distress over time. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(3), 399–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00130
Wolfe, D. A., Scott, K., Reitzel-Jaffe, D., Wekerle, C., Grasley, C., & Straatman, A.-L. (2001). Development and validation of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships inventory. Psychological Assessment, 13(2), 277–293. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.13.2.277
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the authorities of the school boards, as well as the directors and teachers of each school, for their assistance in the data collection and administration of the project. We are also grateful to all the teens who accepted to participate in this research. Finally, we thank Anita Harman, PhD, from Edanz (https://www.edanz.com/ac), and Catherine Hamel for editing a draft of this manuscript.
Funding
This research was supported by a grant from the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
J. Di.: designed and executed the study, assisted with the data analyses, and wrote the paper. K. S.: collaborated with the design, analyzed the data, wrote the results section, and collaborated in the writing and editing of the final manuscript. M. P. D.: collaborated with the design and writing of the study. L. P., J. Dub., and N. G.: collaborated in the writing and editing of the final manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript for submission.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the IRB of the Université du Québec à Chicoutimi.
Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dion, J., Smith, K., Dufour, MP. et al. The Mediating Role of Dispositional Mindfulness in the Associations Between Intimate Violence, Self-esteem, and Distress Among Adolescents. Mindfulness 12, 3060–3072 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01767-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01767-6