Abstract
Studies were carried out on modified 9Cr–1Mo steel to understand its corrosion as well as passive film characteristics in caustic environment. Potentiodynamic anodic polarization studies were carried out in 1–8 M sodium hydroxide solutions at room temperature (RT) and in boiling conditions. The specimens were passivated at 0.0 V(SCE) for 1 h in 3 and 8 M sodium hydroxide solutions at RT as well as in boiling condition. Laser Raman spectroscopic (LRS) analysis was carried out to examine the nature of oxides/hydroxides formed on the surface of the specimens. Corrosion rates increased by one order of magnitude whereas passive current density increased by almost two orders of magnitude in boiling solution compared to the RT values. Appearance of only maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) peaks in passivated steel in 3 M sodium hydroxide solution at RT compared to that in the 8 M sodium hydroxide solution, which showed Fe(OH)2, maghemite, magnetite, goethite (α-FeOOH) and CrO(OH), Cr2O3 peaks, indicated corrosion attack on the outer layer of the passive film. The passivated steel specimens in 3 and 8 M boiling solutions showed maghemite, magnetite, goethite, hematite (α-Fe2O3) (only in 8 M) and extremely weak peaks of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O5. These observations indicated dissolution of the outermost part of the passive film with superficial attack on the inner part of the passive film exposing Cr oxide/hydroxides in boiling 3 M solution. However, passivated steel in 8 M solution showed molybdenum oxides, apart from the other iron and chromium oxides/oxyhydroxides. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies on the morphology of the corrosion products along with LRS analysis/characterization confirmed these observations. These results showed increased corrosion attack during passivation with increase in concentration of alkali and temperature.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Choudary B K, Laha K, Nagesha A, Isaac Samuel E, Srinivasan V S, Chadravathi K S, Valsan M, Kannan R,BhanuSankara Rao K and S.L. Mannan, Materials R&D for PFBR, Proceedings of the seminar held on Jan 1–2 (2003) IGCAR, Kalpakkam, 121
Sikka V K, Development of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel for elevated-temperature service, Ferritic alloys for use in nuclear energy technologies (1984) 317
Modi O P, Mungole M N and Singh K P, Corros Sci, 30 (1990) 941
Hippsley C A, Haworth N P, Mater Sci and Tech, 4.9 (1988) 791
Kishore S, Ashok kumar A, Chandramouli S, Nashine BK, Rajan K, Kalyanasundaram P, Chetal SC, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 243 (2012) 49
Ji-Young Jeong, Jong-man Kim, Tae-Joon Kim, Jong-Hyeun Choi, Byung-Ho Kim, Yong-bum Lee, Transactions of the Korean Nuclear Society autumn Meeting, Jeju, Korea, October 21–22 (2010) 41
Kurahashi H, Kurisu T, Sone Y, Wada K, and Nakai Y, Corrosion, 41(1985) 211
Kiesheyer H, Lennartz G, U.K. Natl. Conf. 69, London, England, Institute on Corrosion Science and Technology, Birmingham, U.K., November (1982) 69
Banerji S K, McMohan Jr. C J, Feng H C, Metall Trans A, 9.2 (1978) 237
Swann P R, Ford F P, Westwood A R C (Eds.), Proc. Conf. Mechanisms Environment-Sensitive Cracking of Materials, The Metal Society, London, England (1977) 437
Takashi Takata & Akira Yamaguchi, Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 40 (2012) 708
A.C. Whittingham, J of Nucl Mater, 60 (1976) 119
Bryan Poulson, Corros Sci, 22 (1982) 473
DOE fundamentals handbook Chemistry volume 1 of 2 - doe-hdbk-1015/1-93 January 1993
ASTM - G5 - 14 - Standard Reference Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA (2014) 1
Y. El Mendili, A. Abdelouas, J.-F. Bardeau, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 4 (2013) 786
J.K. Singh and D.D.N. Singh, Corros Sci, 56 (2012) 129
U.R. Evans, Corros. Sci., 9 (1969) 813
W.S. Li and J.L. Luo, Electrochemical investigations on formation and pitting susceptibility of passive films on iron and iron-based alloys, Chapter 3, Prevention of Metal Corrosion: New Research, Editor, Magdalena Nunex, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, USA(2007) 99
Hiroshi Ohmoto, Economic Geology, Vol. 98 (2003) 157
Francesca Genuzio, Alessandro Sala, Thomas Schmidt, Dietrich Menzel, and Hans-Joachim Freund, J. Phys. Chem., C (2014) 118
Eshback’s handbook of engineering fundamentals - 4th edition, editor, Byron D. Tapley; managing editor, Thurman R. Poston, John-Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA (1990) 14
N R Smart, D J Blackwood and L Werme, The anaerobic corrosion of carbon steel and cast iron in artificial ground waters, Technical Report, TR-01-22, Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., Stockholm, Sweden (2001) 19
Hans-Peter Hermansson, The Stability of Magnetite and its Significance as a Passivating Film in the Repository Environment, Studsvik Nuclear AB SE-611 82 Nyköping, Sweden (2004) 5
Namrata Upadhyay, Pujar M G, Das C R, Nanda Gopal Krishna, Mallika C and Kamachi Mudali U, Trans Indian Inst Met, 68 (2015) 129
Yuan Qing-Long and M.M.Stack, Effect of preferential dissolution on erosion corrosion for chromium steel in alkali steel, trans nonferrous soc Chin, 12 (2002) 1
LIU Jun-quan, LI Wei, TU Xiao-hui, Mater Sci and Tech, 10(2002) 374
Olsson C O A, and Landolt D, Electrochim Acta, 48(2003) 1093.
Heine and Kirchheim R, Corros. Sci, 31(1990) 533
Hiroaki Suchiya, Shinji Fujimoto, Osamu Chihara, Toshio Shibata, Electrochimica Acta, 47 (2002) 4357
Fredriksson W, Depth profiling of the passive layer on stainless steel using photoelectron spectroscopy. Dissertation presented at Uppasala University, Angstromlaboratoriet, Lagerhyddsvagen, Uppasala (2012) p 59.
C. Ferrari and J. Robertson,\Physical Review B, 61 (2000) 14095
Z.S. Zabinski and N.T. Mcdevitt, Raman spectra of inorganic compounds related to solid state tribochemical studies, WL-TR-96-4034, Wright Patterson AFB (1996) 1
M. Morcillo, D. de la Fuente, I. Díaz and H. Cano, Revista de Metalurgia, 47 (2011) 426
Zhang X, Xu W, Shoesmith D W, Wren J C, Corros. Sci, 49 (2007) 4553
Yan Xia, Fahe Cao, Wenjuan Liu, Linrong Chan and Jianqing Zhang, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8 (2013) 3057
Castle, J.E. and Clayton, C.R., Corros. Sci., 17 (1977) 7
Castle, J.E. and Qiu, J.H., Corros. Sci., 29 (1989) 591
Castle, J.E. and Qiu, J.H., Corros. Sci., 29 (1989) 605
P. Schmuki, H. Bohni and F. Mansfeld, J Electrochem Soc, (1993) 140
Passivity and localized corrosion: An international Symposium in Honor of Professor Norio Sato Eds. M. Seo, B. MacDougall, H. Takahashi, R.G. Kelly, Electrochemical Society Proceedings Volume 99-27, The Electrochemical Society, Inc., NJ, USA (1999) 19.
Sei J. Oh, D.C. Cook and H.E. Townsend, Hyperfine Interactions, 112 (1998) 59
Xiaohong Fang, Guoquan Zhang, Jie Chen, Dong Wang, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, 7 (2012) 11847
Barbara Zydorczak, Peter M. May, Danielle P. Meyrick, David Bá tka, and Glenn Hefter, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51 (2012) 16537
Ogura K and Wada H, Electrochemica Acta, 25 (1980) 913
Sudesh T L, Wijesinghe L, Blackwood D J, Applied Surface Science, 253 (2006) 1006
Jing (Jeanne) Yang, Wayde N. Martens and Ray L. Fros, J. Raman Spectrosc, 42 (2011) 1142
Asami K, Hashimoto K, Shimodaira S, Corros. Sci, 1 (1976) 387
Sugimoto K, Sawada Y, Corros Sci, 17 (1977) 425.
Bastidas J M, Torres C L, Cano E and Polo J L, Corros Sci, 44 (2002) 625
Schmuki P, Bohni H, Mansfeld F, J Electrochem Soc, 140 (1993) L119
Zhang A, Mater. Prot., 22 (1989) 15
Renato Altobelli Antunes, Rodrigo Uchida Ichikawa, Luis Gallego Martinez, and Isolda Costa, Intern J of Corros, 10.1155/2014/419570, 1
Yamashita M, Miyuki H, Matsuda Y, Nagano H, Misawa T, Corros. Sci., 36 (1994) 283
Momber A, Materand, Corros. Sci, 63 (2012) 333
Raman A, Nasrazadani S, Sharma L, Metallography, 22 (1989) No. 1, 79
Montoya P, Marín T, Echavarría A, Calderón J A, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, (2013) 12566
Schwertmann U and Taylor R M, The Clays and Clay Minerals, 20 (1972) 15
Henry Leidheiser Jr. and Svetozar Music, Corros. Sci, 22 (1982) 1089
Gendler T S, Shcherbakov V P, Dekkers M J, Gapeev A K, Gribov S K and McClelland E, Geophysical Journal Int, 160 (2005) 815
Mancio M, Kusinski G, Devine T M, Monteiro P JM, Electrochemical and in-situ SERS study of passive film characteristics and corrosion performance of microcomposite steel in simulated concrete pore solutions, March 2008, 1-108
Colomban Ph, Cherifi S and Despert G, J. Raman Spectrosc, 39 (2008) 881
Liand W S, Luo J L, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2 (2007) 627
Mancio M, Kusinski G, Monteiro P J M and Devine T M, Journal of ASTM International, 6 (2009) 1
Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet, Delphine Neff, SolennRéguer, Judith Monnier, Mandana Saheb, and Philippe Dillmann, Journal of Nano Research, 8 (2009) 147
Monnereau O, Tortet L, Grigorescu C E A, Savastru D, Iordanescu C R, Guinneton F, Notonier R, Tonetto A, Zhang T, Mihailescu I N, Stanoi D, Trodahl H J, Journal of optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 12 (2010) 1752
Liangliang Li, Doo Young Kim, and Greg M. Swain, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 159 (2012) C326
Slavov L, Abrashev M V, Merodiiska T, GelevCh, Vandenberghe R E, Markova-Deneva I, Nedkov I, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 322 (2010) 1904
Oblonsky L J and Devine T M, Corros. Sci, 37 (1995) 17
Kurosawa M, Honjho H and Yagishita T, Analytical Sciences, 21 (2005) 197
Sousa P M, Silvestre A J, Popovici N, Conde O, Applied Surface Science, 247 (2005) 423
Haro-Poniatowski E, Jouanne M, Morhange J F, Julien C, Diamant R, Fernandez-Guastia M, Fuentes G A, Alonso J C, Applied Surface Science, 127–129 (1998) 674.
Seguin L, Figlarz M, Cavagnat I R, Lassegues J C, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 51 (1995) 132.
Von Martin Dieterle, In Situ resonance Raman studies of molybdenum oxide based selective oxidation catalysts, Ph.D. thesis 2001, Technical University of Berlin, 49
Johnson J W, Chi C H, Chen C K and James W J, Corrosion, 26 (1970) 238
Król S, Pietrzyk M, J Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 21 (2007) 45.
Khawar Sultan, Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 31 (2015) 69
Legodi M A, Waal D Dee, Dyes and Pigments, 74 (2007) 161
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bharasi, N.S., Pujar, M.G., Mallika, C. et al. Corrosion and Passive Film Formation Studies on Modified 9Cr–1Mo Steel in Different Sodium Hydroxide Concentrations at Room Temperature and in Boiling Condition. Trans Indian Inst Met 70, 1953–1963 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-016-0958-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-016-0958-9