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Groundwater origins and mixing pattern in the multilayer aquifer system of the Gafsa-south mining district: a chemical and isotopic approach

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Abstract

Major ion geochemistry and environmental isotopes were used to identify the origins and the mineralisation processes of groundwater flowing within the three aquifer levels of the multilayer system of the Gafsa-south mining district (Southwestern Tunisia). It has been demonstrated that groundwaters are characterised by a Ca–Mg–SO4 water type. Geochemical pattern is mainly controlled by the dissolution of halite, gypsum and/or anhydrite as well as by the incongruent dissolution of dolomite. δ18O and δ2H values are much lower than the isotopic signature of regional precipitation and fall close to the meteoric water lines, indicating that groundwaters have not been significantly affected by evaporation or mineral–water reactions. The distribution of stable and radiogenic isotopes (δ18O, δ2H, δ13C and 14C) within the aquifer levels suggests that the deep confined aquifer receives a significant modern recharge at higher altitudes, while, the shallow unconfined aquifer has been mainly recharged under cooler paleoclimatic condition, likely during Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene humid periods. However, waters from the intermediate confined/unconfined aquifer have composite isotopic signatures, highlighting that they are derived from a mixture of the two first end-members.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Eau-Energie-Environnement, ENIS, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia

    Younes Hamed, Riadh Ahmadi & Hamed Ben Dhia

  2. Département des Sciences de la Terre, Faculté des Sciences, 6072, Gabès, Tunisia

    Younes Hamed & Lassaad Dassi

  3. Unité des Recherche Hydro-sciences Appliquées, ISSTE, 6072, Gabès, Tunisia

    Lassaad Dassi & Meriem Tarki

  4. Faculté des Sciences El Jadida, Université Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida, Marroco

    Khalid Mehdi

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  1. Younes Hamed
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  2. Lassaad Dassi
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Correspondence to Lassaad Dassi.

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Hamed, Y., Dassi, L., Tarki, M. et al. Groundwater origins and mixing pattern in the multilayer aquifer system of the Gafsa-south mining district: a chemical and isotopic approach. Environ Earth Sci 63, 1355–1368 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0806-x

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