Environmental Earth Sciences

, Volume 62, Issue 2, pp 223–232 | Cite as

Temporal variations in arsenic concentration in the groundwater of Murshidabad District, West Bengal, India

  • S. H. Farooq
  • D. Chandrasekharam
  • S. Norra
  • Z. Berner
  • E. Eiche
  • P. Thambidurai
  • D. Stüben
Original Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Systematic investigations on seasonal variations in arsenic (As) concentrations in groundwater in both space and time are scarce for most parts of West Bengal (India). Hence, this study has been undertaken to investigate the extent of As pollution and its temporal variability in parts of Murshidabad district (West Bengal, India). Water samples from 35 wells were collected during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and analyzed for various elements. Based on the Indian permissible limit for As (50 μg/L) in the drinking water, water samples were classified into contaminated and uncontaminated category. 18 wells were reported as uncontaminated (on average 12 μg/L As) and 12 wells were found contaminated (129 μg/L As) throughout the year, while 5 wells could be classified as either contaminated or uncontaminated depending on when they were sampled. Although the number of wells that alternate between the contaminated and uncontaminated classification is relatively small (14%), distinct seasonal variation in As concentrations occur in all wells. This suggests that investigations conducted within the study area for the purpose of assessing the health risk posed by As in groundwater should not rely on a single round of water samples. In comparison to other areas, As is mainly released to the groundwater due to reductive dissolution of Fe-oxyhydroxides, a process, which is probably enhanced by anthropogenic input of organic carbon. The seasonal variation in As concentrations appear to be caused mainly by dilution effects during monsoon and post-monsoon. The relatively high concentrations of Mn (mean 0.9 mg/L), well above the WHO limit (0.4 mg/L), also cause great concern and necessitate further investigations.

Keywords

Arsenic Groundwater contamination Seasonal variations 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge support from German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through research fellowship. Our thanks are also due to Mrs. Claudia Mössner of the Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry (IMG) for the chemical analyses.

Supplementary material

12665_2010_516_MOESM1_ESM.xls (40 kb)
Supplementary material (XLS 39 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • S. H. Farooq
    • 1
    • 2
  • D. Chandrasekharam
    • 1
  • S. Norra
    • 2
  • Z. Berner
    • 2
  • E. Eiche
    • 2
  • P. Thambidurai
    • 1
  • D. Stüben
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of Earth SciencesIndian Institute of Technology BombayMumbaiIndia
  2. 2.Institute of Mineralogy and GeochemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany

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