Sportwissenschaft

, Volume 42, Issue 1, pp 38–49 | Cite as

Kreativität im Sportspiel

Hauptbeiträge
First Online:

Zusammenfassung

In den letzten Jahren ist eine erneute Renaissance der Kreativitätsforschung zu beobachten, deren Ausgangspunkt in den Neurowissenschaften liegt. Aus dem Blickwinkel der Bewegungswissenschaft, Sportinformatik und Sportpsychologie wird in diesem Beitrag ein Forschungsprogramm zur Untersuchung kreativer Verhaltensweisen in komplexen, mehrheitlich ökologisch-validen Situationen im Sportspiel skizziert. Nach einer allgemeinen und sportspielbezogenen Begriffsklärung (Kreativität, Aufmerksamkeit) wird basierend auf dem Rahmenmodell von Sternberg und Lubart (1991) zahlreiche Experimente und Studien vorgestellt, die sportspielspezifische Kreativität mit visueller Aufmerksamkeit („inattentional blindness“, Aufmerksamkeitsbreite), Expertise, Motivation und Umweltfaktoren in Zusammenhang bringen. Dabei werden auch neuartige Analysewerkzeuge entwickelt und validiert (Spieltestsituationen, neuronale Netze). Alle Ergebnisse werden abschließend im Lichte aktueller psychologischer, bewegungswissenschaftlicher und informatischer Theorien und Modelle intensiv diskutiert sowie sportpraktische Implikationen und weitere Perspektiven angeboten.

Schlüsselwörter

Divergentes Denken Aufmerksamkeit Expertise Motivation Sportinformatik 

Creativity in sports games

Abstract

In the last couple of years, we have seen a renaissance of creativity research which originates in neuroscience. From the perspective of human movement science, sport computer science, and sport psychology, this paper will introduce a research program for the investigation of creative behavior in complex, mostly ecologically valid situations in team sports. After a general and sport-specific definition, several experiments and studies based on the framework of Sternberg and Lubart (1991) will be described, which will link tactical creativity with visual attention (inattentional blindness, breadth of attention), expertise, motivation, and environmental factors. In this context, novel analysis tools will be developed and validated (game test situations, neural networks). The results will then be discussed in light of current psychological as well as human movement and computer scientific theories and models; furthermore, practical implications for sports and research perspectives will be offered.

Keywords

Divergent thinking Attention Expertise Motivation Computer science 
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Notes

Danksagungen

Neben den Gutachtern meiner kumulativen Habilitationsschrift Klaus Roth, Joachim Funke und Bernd Strauß möchte ich auch denjenigen Kolleginnen und Kollegen ganz großen Dank sagen, mit denen ich zur beschriebenen Thematik in den letzten Jahren forschen und publizieren durfte: Joe Baker, Rouven Cañal-Bruland, Philip Furley, Pablo Greco, Andreas Grunz, Henning Plessner, Jürgen Perl, Daniel Simons und Christian Unkelbach. Selbstverständlich auch allen Studierenden, die wertvolle Beiträge zu den einzelnen Teilstudien geleistet haben. Ein „kreatives“ Forschungsprogramm resultiert selten aus den Ideen eines einzelnen, sondern viel eher aus den gemeinsamen Gedanken vieler in einer angenehmen Atmosphäre.

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 2012

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Institut für Kognitions- und SportspielforschungDeutsche Sporthochschule KölnKölnDeutschland

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