Review of the enhanced recovery pathway for children: perioperative anesthetic considerations

  • Jessica A. George
  • Rahul Koka
  • Tong J. Gan
  • Eric Jelin
  • Emily F. Boss
  • Val Strockbine
  • Deborah Hobson
  • Elizabeth C. Wick
  • Christopher L. Wu
Review Article/Brief Review
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

Purpose

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have been used for two decades to improve perioperative recovery in adults. Nevertheless, little is known about their effectiveness in children. The purpose of this review was to consider pediatric ERAS pathways, review the literature concerned with their potential benefit, and compare them with adult ERAS pathways.

Source

A PubMed literature search was performed for articles that included the terms enhanced recovery and/or fast track in the pediatric perioperative period. Pediatric patients included those from the neonatal period through teenagers and/or youths.

Principal findings

The literature search revealed a paucity of articles about pediatric ERAS. This lack of academic investigation is likely due in part to the delayed acceptance of ERAS in the pediatric surgical arena. Several pediatric studies examined individual components of adult-based ERAS pathways, but the overall study of a comprehensive multidisciplinary ERAS protocol in pediatric patients is lacking.

Conclusion

Although adult ERAS pathways have been successful at reducing patient morbidity, the translation, creation, and utility of instituting pediatric ERAS pathways have yet to be realized.

Les programmes de récupération rapide pour les enfants: considérations anesthésiques périopératoires

Résumé

Objectif

Les programmes de récupération rapide après la chirurgie (RRAC, connus aussi sous l’acronyme ERAS) sont utilisés depuis une vingtaine d’années pour améliorer la récupération périopératoire des adultes. Nous ne connaissons toutefois que peu de choses concernant leur efficacité auprès des enfants. L’objectif de ce compte-rendu était d’examiner les programmes pédiatriques de RRAC, de passer en revue la littérature touchant à leurs avantages potentiels, et de les comparer aux programmes de RRAC destinés aux adultes.

Source

Une recherche de la littérature a été réalisée sur PubMed afin d’identifier les articles comprenant les termes « récupération rapide » (‘enhanced recovery’ et/ou ‘fast track’) en période périopératoire pédiatrique. Les patients pédiatriques étaient définis comme étant des patients allant de la période néonatale à l’adolescence.

Constatations principales

La recherche de littérature a révélé très peu d’articles touchant à la RRAC pédiatrique. Cette absence de recherches académiques est probablement due en partie à l’acceptation tardive des programmes de RRAC dans le domaine de la chirurgie pédiatrique. Plusieurs études pédiatriques ont examiné des composantes individuelles des programmes de RRAC dédiés aux adultes, mais l’étude globale d’un protocole de RRAC multidisciplinaire complet auprès de patients pédiatriques n’existe pas.

Conclusion

Bien que les programmes de RRAC appliqués chez l’adulte soient parvenus à réduire la morbidité des patients, le transfert, la création et l’utilité de la mise en œuvre de tels programmes chez l’enfant doivent encore avoir lieu.

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Notes

Conflicts of interest

None declared.

Editorial responsibility

This submission was handled by Dr. Steven Backman, Associate Editor, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia.

Author contributions

Jessica A. George was involved in the overall manuscript writing including the sections on pediatric evidence, pediatric enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway components, and future directions. Rahul Koka was involved in the perioperative pediatric ERAS components. Tong J. Gan was involved in the adult ERAS literature comparison and guidance on pediatric vs adult ERAS components. Eric Jelin was involved in the surgical components of pediatric enhanced recovery pathways. Emily F. Boss was involved in the pediatric portion of introduction and outcomes measures. Val Strockbine was involved in the pediatric literature review. Deborah Hobson was involved in outcomes assessment. Elizabeth C. Wick was involved in outcomes assessment and current adult tools. Christopher L. Wu was involved in the background/introduction, and adult ERAS literature review.

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Copyright information

© Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jessica A. George
    • 1
    • 2
  • Rahul Koka
    • 1
    • 2
  • Tong J. Gan
    • 3
  • Eric Jelin
    • 4
  • Emily F. Boss
    • 5
  • Val Strockbine
    • 4
  • Deborah Hobson
    • 6
  • Elizabeth C. Wick
    • 6
  • Christopher L. Wu
    • 1
  1. 1.The Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineThe Johns Hopkins University and School of MedicineBaltimoreUSA
  2. 2.SOM Anes Pediatric AnesthesiologyBaltimoreUSA
  3. 3.Department of AnesthesiologyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookUSA
  4. 4.Department of General Pediatric SurgeryJohns Hopkins Bloomberg Children’s Center and Johns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUSA
  5. 5.Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Health Policy & ManagementJohns Hopkins University, School of Medicine and Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUSA
  6. 6.Department of SurgeryThe Johns Hopkins Hospital and Johns Hopkins University, School of MedicineBaltimoreUSA

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