Journal of the Geological Society of India

, Volume 84, Issue 4, pp 406–416 | Cite as

A case of normal regression with sea level transgression: Example from the Ganurgarh shale, Vindhyan basin, Maihar area, M.P., India

Research Articles
First Online:
Received:
Revised:

Abstract

The Ganurgarh shale, a formation belonging to the Bhander Group of Vindhyan basin is investigated using field based detailed lithofacies and petrofacies analyses in order to interpret the depositional environment in a sequence stratigraphic context. Five major lithofacies have been recognized consisting of calcareous sandstones, laminated mudstones, rippled siltstones, red-grey shales and sandy limestones characterized by small to large-scale cross-bedding, ripple cross-lamination of wave and current origin, parallel lamination, low-angle horizontal bedding, flaser and lenticular bedding, mud-cracks, salt pseudomorphs, convolute bedding and load structures. The constituent lithofacies are recurring and grouped into three lithofacies associations where, the association A is composed of fining upwards and B with coarsening upwards cycles at the lower and middle levels of the succession respectively, are dominantly arenaceous whereas, the association C occurring at upper levels is fining upwards (FU) and becomes calcareous with meager representation of clastics. Petrographically, the section offers three main petrofacies viz., (a) sandstone- (b) siltstone- (c) sandy limestone-petrofacies. Lithofacies characters complimented with petrography show that deposition occurred within the shoreface (subtidal) to foreshore intertidal domain involving tidal flats with sub-environments ranging from intertidal to supratidal. However, lithofacies associations within the Ganurgarh shale of Maihar area represent a case of normal regression during sea level transgression. In the beginning, probably because of excessive sediment supply the sea level had a falling trend during an overall transgressive phase ultimately culminating into limestone sedimentation.

Keywords

Neoproterozoic Lithofacies Tidal-Flats Normal Regression Vindhyans Ganurgarh shale Madhya Pradesh 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Akhtar, K. and Srivastava, V. K. (1976) Ganurgarh Shale of southeastern Rajasthan, India: A precambrian regressive sequence of lagoon-tidal flat origin. Jour. Sed. Petrol., v.46(1), pp.14–21.Google Scholar
  2. Alexander, C.R., Nittrour, C.A., Demaster, D.J., Park, Y.A. and Park, S.C. (1991) Macrotidal mudflats of the southwestern Korean coast: a model for the interpretation of intertidal deposits. Jour. Sedim. Res., v.61, pp.805–824.Google Scholar
  3. Anderson, F.E. (1973) Observation of some sedimentary processes acting on a tidal flat. Mar. Geol., v.14, pp.101–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Auden, J.B. (1933) Vindhyan sedimentation in the Son Valley, Mirzapur district. Mem. Geol. Surv. India, v.62(2), pp.141–250.Google Scholar
  5. Banerjee, I. (1964) On some broader aspects of Vindhyan sedimentation; Prod. 22nd International Geol. Cong. New Delhi, Part XV, pp.189–204.Google Scholar
  6. Banerjee, S., Dutta, S., Paikaray, S. and Mann, U. (2006) Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and bulk organic geochemistry of black shales from the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup (Central India). Jour. Earth System Sci., v.115(1), pp.37–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Basu, A., Young, S.W., Suttner, L. J., James, W.C. and Mack, G.H. (1975) Re-evaluation of the use of undulatory extinction and polycrystallinity in detrital quartz for provenance interpretation. Jour. Sediment. Petrol., v.45(4), pp.873–882.Google Scholar
  8. Bhattacharyya, A., Chanda, S.K. and Bose, P.K. (1986) Upper Vindhyans of Maihar: A Field Guide; Published by Department of Geological Sciences Jadavpur Univ., Calcutta, pp.1–19.Google Scholar
  9. Blatt, H. and Christie, J.M. (1963) Undulatory extinction in quartz of igneous and metamorphic rocks and its significance in provenance studies of sedimentary rocks. Jour. Sediment. Res., v.33(3), pp.559–579.Google Scholar
  10. Blatt, H. (1967) Original characteristics of clastic quartz grains: Jour. Sediment. Petrology, v. 37, pp.401–424.Google Scholar
  11. Bartholoma, A. and Flemming, B.W. (2007) Progressive grainsize sorting along an intertidal energy gradient. Sedimentary Geol., v.202, pp.464–472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Bose, P. K. and Chaudhuri, A. (1990) Tide versus storm in epieric coastal deposition: two Proterozoic sequences India. Jour. Geol., v.25, pp.81–101.Google Scholar
  13. Bose, P. K., Sarkar, S., Chakrabarty, S. and Banerjee, S. (2001) Overview of the meso- to neoproterozoic evolution of the Vindhyan basin, Central India. Sedimentary Geol., v.141–142, pp.395–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Catuneanu, O. (2002) Sequence stratigraphy of clastic systems: concepts, merits, and pitfalls. Jour. African Earth Sci., v.35, pp.1–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Chakraborti, A. (2005) Sedimentary structures of tidal flats: a journey from coast to inner estuarine region of eastern India. Jour. Earth System Sci., v.114, pp.353–368.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Chakraborty, P. P., Sarkar, S. and Bose, P.K. (1998) A viewpoint of Chenier Evolution: clue from a reappraisal of the Proterozoic Ganurgarh Shale, Central India. In: B.S. Paliwal (Ed.).The Indian Precambrian Scientific publishers Jodhpur, India, pp.61–72.Google Scholar
  17. Crawford, A. R. and Compston, W. (1970) The age of the Vindhyan System of Peninsular India Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, v.125, pp.251–371.Google Scholar
  18. Dalrymple, R.W. (2010) Tidal Depositional Systems. In: N.P. James and R.W. Dalrymple (Eds.). Lithofacies Models, 4, GEOText6, Geol. Assoc., Canada, pp.199–208.Google Scholar
  19. Davis, R.A. and Dalrymple, R.W. (Eds.) (2012) Principles of Tidal Sedimentology. Springer, New York, 621p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. De Raaf, J.F.M. and Boersma, J.R. (1971) Tidal deposits and their sedimentary structures: Geologie en Mijnbouw, v.50, pp.479–504.Google Scholar
  21. Dickinson, W.R. (1985) Interpreting provenance relations from detrital modes of sandstones. In: G.G. Zuffa, (Ed.), Provenance of arenites. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, pp. 331–361.Google Scholar
  22. Evans, G. (1965) Intertidal Flat sediments and their environment of deposition in the Wash. Jour. Geol. Soc. London. Quart. Jour., v.121, pp.209–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Ghazi, S. Andmountney, N. P. (2011) Petrography and provenance of the Early Permian Fluvial Warchha Sandstone, Salt Range, Pakistan. Sediment. Geol., v.233, pp.88–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Hird, K. and Tucker, M.E. (1988) Contrasting diagenesis of two Carboniferous oolites from South Wales: a tale of climatic influence. Sedimentology, v.35, pp.587–602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. Khalifa, M. and Morad, S. (2011) Impact of Structural Setting on Diagenesis of Fluvial and Tidal Sandstones: the Bahi Formation, Upper Cretaceous, NW Sirt Basin, North Central Libya. Marine and Petroleum Geology, doi:  10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.05.006.Google Scholar
  26. Klein, G. Dev. (1963) Bay of Fundy intertidal zone sediments. Jour. Sed. Petrol., v.33, pp.844–854.Google Scholar
  27. Kumar, S. (1976) Stromatolites from the Vindhyan rocks of Son Valley- Maihar area, districts Mirzapur (UP) and Satna (MP). Jour. Palaeont. Soc. India, v.18, pp.13–21.Google Scholar
  28. Longhitano, S.G. (2011) The record of tidal cycles in mixed silicabioclastic deposits: examples from small Plio-Pleistocene peripheral basins of the microtidal central Mediterranean Sea. Sedimentology, v.58(3), pp.691–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Longhitano, S.G., Mellere, D., Steel, R.J. and Ainsworth, R. B. (2012) Tidal depositional systems in the rock record: A review and new insights. Sedimentary Geol., doi:  10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.03.024.Google Scholar
  30. Prasad, B. (1980) Vindhyan stromatolites stratigraphy in SE Rajasthan; Misc. Publ. Geol. Surv. India, v. 44, pp.201–206.Google Scholar
  31. Prasad, B. and Ramasamy (1980) Stromatolites in Upper Vindhyans from Bundi, Kota, and Sawaimadhopur districts; Misc. Publ. Geol. Surv. India, v.44, pp.275–277.Google Scholar
  32. Pettijohn, F. J., Potter P.E. and Siever, R. (1972) Sands and Sandstones. Springer-Verlag, New York, 618p.Google Scholar
  33. Plint, A.G. Eyles, N. Eyles, C.H. and Walker, R.G. (1992) Control of sea level change. In: R.G. Walker and N.P. James (Eds.), Lithofacies Models-Response to Sea Level Change, Geol. Soc. Can., St. John’s, NF, pp.15–26.Google Scholar
  34. Posamentier, H.G., Allen, G.P. and James, D.P. (1992) High resolution sequence stratigraphy- the East Coulee delta. Jour. Sed. Pet., v.62, pp.310–317.Google Scholar
  35. Posamentier, H.G. and Allen, G.P. (1999) Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy; concepts and applications. CONC. Sed. Paleo., v. 7, pp. 204.Google Scholar
  36. Pratt, B.R., James, N.P. and Cowan, C.A. (1992) Peritidal carbonates. In: R.G. Walker, and N.P. James, (Eds.), Lithofacies Models: Response to Sea Level Change. Geological Association Canada, pp.303–322.Google Scholar
  37. Ray, J. S., Veizer, J. and Davis, W. J. (2003) C, O, Sr and Pb isotope systematics of carbonate sequences of Vindhyan Supergroup India: age, diagenesis, correlations and implications for global events. Precambrian Res., v.121, pp.103–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. Ray, J.S. (2006) Age of the Vindhyan Supergroup: a review of recent findings; Jour. Earth System Sci., v.115–1, pp.149–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. Rao, K.S., Lal, C. and Ghosh, D.B. (1977) Algal stromatolites in Bhander Group Vindhyan Supergroup Satna district Madhya Pradesh. Rec. Geol. Surv. India, v.109(2), pp.38–47.Google Scholar
  40. Reineck, H.E. (1967) Layered sediments of tidal flats, beaches, and shelf bottoms of the North Sea. In: G.H. Lauff, (Ed.), Estuaries: Washington, D.C., Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Pub. No. 83, pp. 191–206.Google Scholar
  41. Reineck, H.E. (1972) Tidal Flats. In: J.K. Rigby and W.K. Hamblin (Eds.), Recognition of Ancient Sedimentary environments: SEPM Spec. Publ. No.16, pp.146–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Reineck, H.E. and Singh, I.B. (1967) Primary sedimentary structures in the recent sediments of the Jade, North Sea; Marine Geol., v.5, pp.227–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Renyaud, J.Y. and Dalrymple, R.W. (2012) Shallow-marine tidal deposits. In: S. Davis and R.W. Dalrymple (Eds.) Principles of Tidal Sedimentology, Springer, New York, pp.335–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Sarkar, B. (1974) Biogenic sedimentary structures and microfossils of the Bhander Limestone (Proterozoic) India; In: A. De (Ed.), Contributions to the earth and planetary sciences. Geol. Min. Met. Soc. India, Golden Jubilee Volume, pp.143–156.Google Scholar
  45. Shukla, U.K. and Bachman, G.H. (2007) Estuarine sedimentation in the Stuttgart Formation (Carnian, Late Triassic), South Germany. N.Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh., v.243(3), pp.305–323, Stuttgart.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. Shukla, U.K. and Srivastava, R. (2008) Lizard eggs from Upper Cretaceous Lameta Formation of Jabalpur, central India, with interpretation of depositional environments of the nest-bearing horizon. Cretaceous Res., v.29, pp.674–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  47. Singh, I.B. (1985) Palaeogeography of Vindhyan Basin and its relationship with other Late Proterozoic Basins of India. Jour. Palaeont. Soc. India, v.30, pp.35–41.Google Scholar
  48. Tucker, M.E. and Bathurst, R.G.C. (1990) Meteoric Diagenesis. In: M.E. Tucker and R.G.C. Bathurst (Eds.), Carbonate Diagenesis. Spec. Publ. Internat. Assoc. Sedimentol., v 1, pp.181–183.Google Scholar
  49. Valdiya, K.S. (1969) Stromatolites of Lesser Himalayan carbonate formation and the Vindhyan. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.10, pp.1–25.Google Scholar
  50. Visher, M.J. (1980) Neap-spring cycles reflected in Holocene subtidal large-scale bedform deposits: A preliminary note. Geology, v.8, pp.543–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Walkden, G.M. and Berry, J.R. (1984) Syntaxial overgrowths in muddy crinoidal limestones: cathodoluminiscence sheds new light on an old problem. Sedimentology, v. 31, pp.251–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Geological Society of India 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Center of Advanced Study in GeologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia

Personalised recommendations