Fisheries Science

, Volume 76, Issue 2, pp 189–198 | Cite as

Scale calcification in the goldfish in vitro: histological and quantitative analysis

Original Article Biology
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Abstract

The external layer of a teleost fish scale is composed of type I collagen, an amorphous matrix substance and hydroxyapatite crystals. Calcification of this layer can be inhibited in the scale-regenerating process under calcium- and phosphate-deficient (CaDPD) conditions, and can be facilitated by incubation in physiological saline. The aim of this study was to evaluate this model of calcification using histological and quantitative analysis in order to promote further understanding of the mechanism of calcification in fish scales. We found that the external layer of the scales produced under CaDPD conditions contained more densely aligned collagen fibrils with a small amount of the amorphous matrix substance. The CaDPD scale contained only one-third of the amount of calcium and phosphate present in the control fish. After 4 hours of incubation, a two- to threefold increase in calcium content and a 1.5-fold increase in phosphate content were observed. Calcification proceeded in the external layer, and mineral deposits grew only in the electron-dense matrix substance. We conclude that this model would be suitable for studying the early process of fish scale calcification that occurs in the noncollagenous substance. The electron-dense substance may contain key molecules that promote calcification.

Keywords

Biomineralization Carasssius auratus Goldfish In vitro calcification Scale regeneration 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Exploratory Research (No. 16658077) and a Twenty-First Century COE program awarded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. The study was also supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research (No. 17GS0311) and a Research Grant for Young Scientists (No. 18-04520), awarded by the Japan Society for Promotion of Science.

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Copyright information

© The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 2009

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Graduate School of Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
  2. 2.Biomaterial CenterNational Institute for Materials ScienceTsukubaJapan

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