Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Marine Biodiversity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The spionid polychaete Polydora hoplura Claparède, 1868, is a harmful shell-borer accidentally transported with objects of aquaculture across the world. It was originally described from the Gulf of Naples, Italy, and later widely reported from European waters, South Africa, the Arabian Gulf, New Zealand, Australia and Tasmania. Here, for the first time, we describe adults and larvae of P. hoplura from Atlantic South America (Brazil), and report this species from Pacific North America (California, USA). We also examined material from Italy, New Zealand, Australia, Chile and Japan, and treat Polydora uncinata Sato-Okoshi, 1998, from Japan, as a junior synonym of P. hoplura. Consequently, we report P. hoplura for the first time in the Asian Pacific, Japan and South Korea, and in Pacific South America (Chile). The new records of P. hoplura from the American continents are cause for concern. The spread of this non-indigenous species may have negative impacts on the farm cultivation of oysters and abalone.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Blake JA (1971) Revision of the genus Polydora from the east coast of North America (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Smithson Contrib Zool 75:1–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blake JA (1983) Polychaetes of the family Spionidae from South America, Antarctica, and adjacent seas and islands. Biol Antarctic Seas XIV Antarctic Res Ser 39:205–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blake JA (1996) Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. Including a review of the genera and species from California and a revision of the genus Polydora Bosc, 1802. In: Blake JA, Hilbig B, Scott PH (eds) Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Volume 6. The Annelida Part 3 - Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp 81–223

  • Blake JA, Kudenov JD (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Mem Natl Mus Vic 39:171–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Boonzaaier MK, Neethling S, Mouton A, Simon CA (2014) Polydorid polychaetes (Spionidae) on farmed and wild abalone (Haliotis midae) in South Africa: an epidemiological survey. Afr J Mar Sci 36:369–376. doi:10.2989/1814232x.2014.952249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carazzi D (1893) Revisione del genere Polydora Bosc e cenni su due specie che vivono sulle ostriche. Mitt zool Stn Neapel 11:4–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Claparède E (1868a) Les Annélides Chétopodes du Golfe de Naples. Ramboz et Schuchardt, Genève. pp 500 (310–584, 1–225), pls 1–32. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.105355

  • Claparède E (1868b) Les Annélides Chétopodes du Golfe de Naples. Mém Soc Phys Hist nat Genève 19(2):313–584, pls 1–16

  • Claparède E (1869) Les Annélides Chétopodes du Golfe de Naples. Seconde partie. Mém Soc Phys Hist nat Genève 20(1):1–225, pls 17–31

  • Claparède E (1870a) Les Annélides Chétopodes du Golfe de Naples. Supplément. Mém Soc Phys Hist nat Genève 20(2):365–542, pls 1–14

  • Claparède E (1870b) Les Annélides Chétopodes du Golfe de Naples. Annélides Errantes. Ramboz et Schuchardt, Genève. pp 311–584, pls 1–16. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.2142

  • Claparède E (1870c) Les Annélides Chétopodes du Golfe de Naples. Annélides Sédentaires. Ramboz et Schuchardt, Genève. pp 1–225, pls 17–31. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.2142

  • Claparède E (1870d) Les Annélides Chétopodes du Golfe de Naples. Supplément. Ramboz et Schuchardt, Genève. pp 1–178 (365–542), pls 1–14. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.105358

  • David AA, Simon CA (2014) The effect of temperature on larval development of two non-indigenous poecilogonous polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae) with implications for life history theory, establishment and range expansion. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 461:20–30. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • David AA, Matthee CA, Simon CA (2014) Poecilogony in Polydora hoplura (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from commercially important molluscs in South Africa. Mar Biol (Berl). doi:10.1007/s00227-013-2388-0

    Google Scholar 

  • Day JH (1955) The Polychaeta of South Africa. Part 3. Sedentary species from Cape shores and estuaries. J Linn Soc Lond Zool 42:407–452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Day JH (1967) A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part 2. Sedentaria. The British Museum (Natural History), London

  • de Saussure H (1871) Notice sur Édouard Claparède. Ramboz et Schuchardt, Genéve

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • de Saussure H (1873) Édouard-René Claparède. Mém Soc Phys Hist nat Genève 22:1–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Fauchald K (1977) The polychaete worms. Definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Nat Hist Mus Los Angel Cty, Sci Ser 28:1–188

  • Fauvel P (1927) Polychètes sédentaires. Addenda aux Errantes, Archiannélides, Myzostomaires. Faune Fr 16:1–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Handley SJ (1995) Spionid polychaetes in Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) from Admiralty Bay, Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand. NZ J Mar Fresh Res 29:305–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Handley SJ, Bergquist PR (1997) Spionid polychaete infestations of intertidal Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), Mahurangi harbour, northern New Zealand. Aquaculture 153:191–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman O (1951) Literature of the polychaetous annelids, vol I. Bibliography. Edwards Brothers, Inc., Los Angeles

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann-Schröder G (1971) Annelida, Borstenwürmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile nach ihren Merkmalen und nach ihrer Lebensweise 58:1–594

  • Hartmann-Schröder G (1996) Annelida, Borstenwürmer, Polychaeta. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile nach ihren Merkmalen und nach ihrer Lebensweise, 58. Teil (2., neuebearbeitete Auflage):1–645

  • Light WJ (1978) Spionidae (Polychaeta, Annelida). Invertebrates of the San Francisco Bay estuary system. The Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, California

    Google Scholar 

  • Lleonart M (2001) Development of an integrated management program for the control of spionid mudworms in cultured abalone. Report to the Fisheries Research & Development Corporation (FRDC), abalone subprogram Project No. 98/301. http://www.frdc.com.au/research/programs/aas/download/mudworm.a.farm.manual.pdf

  • Lleonart M, Handlinger J, Powell M (2003) Spionid mud worm infestation of farmed abalone (Haliotis spp.). Aquaculture 221:85–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lo Bianco S (1893) Gli anellidi tubicoli trovati nel Golfo di Napoli. Atti Real Accad Scie Fis Mat, Soc Reale Napoli Ser 2(5):1–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Marion AF, Bobretzky N (1875) Étude des Annélides du golfe de Marseille. Ann Sci Nat Zool Biol Anim 2:1–106

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh WC (1909) Notes from the Gatty Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews. No. 31. 2. On the British Spionidae. Ann Mag Nat Hist, Ser 8 3:156–174

  • McIntosh WC (1915a) A monograph of the British marine annelids. Vol. 3. Part 1. - Text. Polychæta. Opheliidæ to Ammocharidæ. Ray Soc, Lond. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.54725

  • McIntosh WC (1915b) A monograph of the British marine annelids. Vol. 3. Part 2. - Plates. Polychæta. Opheliidæ to Ammocharidæ. Ray Soc, Lond. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.54725

  • McIntosh WC (1923) A monograph of the British marine annelids. Polychæta, Sabellidæ to Serpulidæ. With additions to the British marine Polychaeta during the publication of the monograph. Ray Soc Lond 4:251–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikac B (2015) A sea of worms: polychaete checklist of the Adriatic Sea. Zootaxa 3943:1–172. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3943.1.1

  • Mohammad M-BM (1971) Intertidal polychaetes from Kuwait, Arabian Gulf, with descriptions of three new species. J Zool (Lond) 163:285–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nel R, Coetzee PS, Van Niekerk G (1996) The evaluation of two treatments to reduce mud worm (Polydora hoplura Claparède) infestation in commercially reared oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). Aquaculture 141:31–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radashevsky VI, Olivares C (2005) Polydora uncinata (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Chile: an accidental transportation across the Pacific. Biol Invasions 7:489–496. doi:10.1007/s10530-004-5686-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radashevsky VI, Lana PC, Nalesso RC (2006) Morphology and biology of Polydora species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) boring into oyster shells in South America, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 1353:1–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Read GB (1975) Systematics and biology of polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Wellington Harbour. J R Soc N Z 5:395–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sato-Okoshi W (1998) Three new species of polydorids (Polychaeta, Spionidae) from Japan. Species Divers 3:277–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Sato-Okoshi W (1999) Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Japan, with descriptions of morphology, ecology and burrow structure. 1. Boring species. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 79:831–848

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sato-Okoshi W, Abe H (2012) Morphological and molecular sequence analysis of the harmful shell boring species of Polydora (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Japan and Australia. Aquaculture 368–369:40–47. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sato-Okoshi W, Okoshi K, Shaw J (2008) Polydorid species (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in south-western Australian waters with special reference to Polydora uncinata and Boccardia knoxi. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 88:491–501. doi:10.1017/S0025315408000842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sato-Okoshi W, Okoshi K, Koh BS, Kim YH, Hong J-S (2012) Polydorid species (Polychaeta, Spionidae) associated with commercially important mollusk shells in Korean waters. Aquaculture 350–353:82–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon CA, Booth AJ (2007) Population structure and growth of polydorid polychaetes that infest the cultured abalone, Haliotis midae. Afr J Mar Sci 29:499–509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon CA, Ludford A, Wynne S (2006) Spionid polychaetes infesting cultured abalone, Haliotis midae, in South Africa. Afr J Mar Sci 28:167–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simon CA, Bentley MG, Caldwell GS (2010) 2,4-Decadienal: Exploring a novel approach for the control of polychaete pests on cultured abalone. Aquaculture 310:52–60. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.10.031

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soulier A (1903) Revision des Annélides de la région de Cette. pt. 2. Mém Acad Sci Lett Montpellier, Sec Sci, 2e Sér 3:193–278

  • Wilson DP (1928) The larvae of Polydora ciliata Johnston and Polydora hoplura Claparède. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 15:567–603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright EP (1869) 1868. Annelida. Zoo Rec:535

Download references

Acknowledgments

Our sincere thanks are to Sean J. Handley for providing material from New Zealand, Leslie Harris for her help with the polychaete collection in LACM, Maria Cristina Gambi for her assistance in collecting polychaetes in the Gulf of Naples, Linda A. Ward and the late Mary E. Petersen and Kristian Fauchald for their help with the bibliography and discussion about Claparède’s publications. We thank Geoffrey B. Read, James M. Bishop and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and editing the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (the program “Far East”, Grant 15-I-6-012 o), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant 16-04-01504), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil (CNPq, Proc. 306568/2009-8) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil (FAPESP, Proc. 2003/08688-0).

With this publication, we acknowledge the outstanding contribution toward the descriptions of the morphology and anatomy of the polychaetous annelids provided by the talented zoologist Édouard-René Claparède (Genève, April 24, 1832 – Sienne, May 31, 1871) (de Saussure 1871, 1873).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky Street, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia

    Vasily I. Radashevsky

  2. Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP, 11600-000, Brazil

    Alvaro E. Migotto

Authors
  1. Vasily I. Radashevsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alvaro E. Migotto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vasily I. Radashevsky.

Additional information

Communicated by D. Fiege

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Radashevsky, V.I., Migotto, A.E. First report of the polychaete Polydora hoplura (Annelida: Spionidae) from North and South America and Asian Pacific. Mar Biodiv 47, 859–868 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-016-0515-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation