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Combined use of gas chromatography and HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF to assess the culinary uses of archaeological Santa María style ceramic vessels from El Colorado (Catamarca, Argentina)

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Abstract

In this paper, an interdisciplinary investigation was carried out to study if Santa María tricolor style vessels were used as culinary equipment in a 14th century ad domestic cooking space in El Colorado (Yocavil valley, Catamarca, Northwest Argentina) and to question the long-established idea that Santa María vessels were exclusively funerary objects. The combined use of gas chromatography (GC-FID), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF) to study residual lipids from Santa María style vessels provided valuable information on their ancient use. Also, an ordinary striated style ceramic pot with distinct visible soot marks, as well as sediments from the cooking area, was studied for comparative purposes. Fatty acid, sterol, and acylglyceride profiles were characterized, and markers of food sources were searched in the complex mixtures. We identified intact triacylglycerides (TAGs) in the archaeological samples, even unsaturated, indicating exceptional preservation of lipids in the ceramic matrixes. Cholesterol or cholesterol oxidation products were observed in all ceramic containers, as well as plant sterols (stigmasterol, sitosterol) in two containers. Markers for ruminant lipids, such as TAGs that contain odd-chain fatty acids, were found, supported by the identification of odd-chain and branched-chain fatty acids with GC-FID and GC-MS. This evidence contributes to the hypothesis that Santa María vessels were used for culinary purposes in this archaeological domestic cooking space.

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Notes

  1. The geographical coordinates 26°54′33.12″S 66°8′13.91″W correspond to Structure E3 of the El Colorado archaeological locality. The measurement error was 3 m. The datum is WGS84. The coordinates were collected by Dr. Palamarczuk with a GPS Garmin etrex 30. The points on the map in Fig. 1 represent exact geolocations.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Myriam Tarragó and Dr. Norma Ratto for their support and guidance. We thank all participants of the fieldworks in El Colorado (Yocavil Archaeological Project). Y.A. thanks the University of Buenos Aires for a Doctoral Fellowship. I.L., V.P.C., V.P., and M.S.M. are Research Members of CONICET. E.B. is Research Support Staff of CONICET. N.S.P. is a researcher at FCNYM–UNLP.

Funding

This work was supported by the University of Buenos Aires (UBACYT 20020170100340BA to M.S.M.; UBACYT-20020170100318BA to Dr. Myriam Tarragó), the National Agency for Promotion of Science and Technology (ANPCYT) (PICT-2016-0480 to I.L.; PICT-2015-2123 to V.P.C.), and the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) (PIP-11220130100288CO to M.S.M.; PIP-11220130100178CO to Dr. Myriam Tarragó).

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Author notes

  1. Irene Lantos and Valeria P. Careaga contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Museo Etnográfico J.B. Ambrosetti, Moreno 350, C1091, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Irene Lantos & Valeria Palamarczuk

  2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de las Culturas (IDECU), Moreno 350, C1091, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Irene Lantos & Valeria Palamarczuk

  3. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Valeria P. Careaga, Yanina Aversente, Evelyn Bonifazi & Marta S. Maier

  4. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Irene Lantos, Valeria P. Careaga, Yanina Aversente, Evelyn Bonifazi & Marta S. Maier

  5. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Laboratorio de Etnobotánica y Botánica Aplicada, Calle 64 nº 3, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    Natalia S. Petrucci

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  1. Irene Lantos
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  2. Valeria P. Careaga
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  3. Valeria Palamarczuk
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Correspondence to Irene Lantos.

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Lantos, I., Careaga, V.P., Palamarczuk, V. et al. Combined use of gas chromatography and HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF to assess the culinary uses of archaeological Santa María style ceramic vessels from El Colorado (Catamarca, Argentina). Archaeol Anthropol Sci 12, 121 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01085-3

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