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Classifying agency in bone breakage: an experimental analysis of fracture planes to differentiate between hominin and carnivore dynamic and static loading using machine learning (ML) algorithms

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Abstract

The analysis of bone breakage has always been underrepresented in taphonomic studies. Analysts, thus, lose the opportunity to resolve an important part of the equifinality related to activities that hominins and different types of carnivores may produce. Recent studies have shown that the use of powerful machine learning (ML) algorithms allow the accurate classification of bone surface modifications (BSM). Here, we present an experimental study, applying these algorithms to the analysis of bone breakage patterns. This statistical methodology allows the correct classification of three different assemblages which have been generated anthropogenically and by the activity of carnivores (i.e., hyenas and wolves). ML algorithms applied to a multivariate set of properties of broken bone specimens yielded an accuracy of 95% and were higher in classifying agency without the need to include information from BSM. This paper proposes a methodological approach that opens the door to improve our understanding of referential frameworks regarding bone breakage and to determine agency in prehistoric bone breakage processes.

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Acknowledgments

AM is deeply grateful to the volunteers for their effort in helping with the anthropogenic bone breakage, particularly Alicia Caboblanco for her assistance during all the experimental work. We cannot forget the help provided by Cárnicas DIBE S.L. who provided all the carcasses that were used in the preparation of the anthropic broken bone assemblage. We also acknowledge Lloyd Courtenay for his initial assistance with the manuscript and Andrea Díaz Cortés for her last-minute comments. We thank Charles Egeland for his constructive comments in an earlier draft of this manuscript. The KND2 remains were collected during the course of unrelated archeological research in the Lake Eyasi basin, which was granted permission by the Tanzanian Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH) and the Department of Antiquities and was funded by a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant (NSF-0620262) and a Wenner-Gren Foundation Dissertation Fieldwork Grant, both granted to Mary E. Prendergast. We thank her for allowing us to have access to the KND2 collection. We acknowledge Santiago Domínguez-Solera for his assistance in Hosquillo (Cuenca), as well as to the Parque del Hosquillo for his hospitality in allowing us to collect the samples studied in the research.

Funding

AM is funded by a grant from the Junta de Castilla y León financed in turn by the European Social Funds through the Consejería de Educación (BDNS 376062).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca, 3, 09002, Burgos, Spain

    Abel Moclán

  2. Escuela Interuniversitaria de Posgrado en Evolución Humana, Universidad de Burgos, Don Juan de Austria 1, 09001, Burgos, Spain

    Abel Moclán

  3. Institute of Evolution in Africa (IDEA), University of Alcalá de Henares, Covarrubias 36, 28010, Madrid, Spain

    Abel Moclán & Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo

  4. Departamento de Prehistoria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo & José Yravedra

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  1. Abel Moclán
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  3. José Yravedra
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Correspondence to Abel Moclán.

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Moclán, A., Domínguez-Rodrigo, M. & Yravedra, J. Classifying agency in bone breakage: an experimental analysis of fracture planes to differentiate between hominin and carnivore dynamic and static loading using machine learning (ML) algorithms. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 11, 4663–4680 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00815-6

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