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Dogs and foxes in Early-Middle Bronze Age funerary structures in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula: human control of canid diet at the sites of Can Roqueta (Barcelona) and Minferri (Lleida)

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Abstract

Findings of canid remains in graves at different sites in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula are evidence of a widespread funerary practice that proliferated between the end of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC, in particular, in the Early-Middle Bronze Age contexts. The discovery of four foxes and a large number of dogs at the sites of Can Roqueta (Barcelona) and Minferri (Lleida) respectively, stand out among the many examples of these types of grave goods. In this work, we have made an approximation of the relationship between humans and canids through the study of their diet by analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen. These analyses were complemented by archaeozoological, anthropological and archaeobotanical studies. The comparison of human and animal diets comprised a total of 37 canids, 19 domestic ungulates and 64 humans. The results indicate that the diet of the dogs was similar to that of humans, although δ15N values of dogs in Can Roqueta and Minferri are, on the average, 1.4‰ and 1.1‰, respectively, lower than those of humans. The offset between canids and the herbivorous ungulates of each site is not up to the established minimum for a trophic level, which implies an input of C3 plants and human intervention in the feeding of dogs and some of the foxes. Some particular cases in Can Roqueta suggest a specific food preparation, richer in cereals, for larger dogs (probably devoted to carrying loads), and possibly for at least one of the foxes.

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Acknowledgements

Our deepest gratitude goes to Mònica Oliva and Noemí Terrats, the directors of the excavation of Can Roqueta, for giving access to unpublished data on the structures of the sectors of Torre Romeu and Can Revella and Javier López Cachero of the University of Barcelona for the recent dating of CRII-591 of Can Roqueta in the framework of projects HAR2013-48010-P and HAR2017-87695-P (MINECO, Spain). We also thank Julià Maroto of the Universitat de Girona for his collaboration in the analysis of animals of Can Roqueta in the framework of project HAR2010-22013 (MINECO, Spain). The research on Minferri was supported by projects HAR2016-78277-R (MINECO, Spain) and SGR 2017-1714 (Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia). AGD receives support from the project CGL2014-57209-P (MINECO, Spain). We also acknowledge the veterinary diagnosis of osseous spinal and trauma pathologies to Matias Fernández (608 Farm and Equine Veterinary Surgeons, Quarry Farm, Rowington Green, Rowington, Warwick, Warwickshire, UK) and María Martín Cuervo (Dep. de Medicina Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Spain). We also acknowledge Timothy Anderson for the English translation.

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  1. Aurora Grandal-d’Anglade, Silvia Albizuri and Ariadna Nieto contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Universitario de Xeoloxía, Universidade da Coruña, ESCI, Campus de Elviña, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain

    Aurora Grandal-d’Anglade

  2. SERP (Departament de Prehistòria, Història Antiga i Arqueologia), Universitat de Barcelona, Montealegre 6-8, 08001, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    Silvia Albizuri

  3. GIP (Grup d’ Investigació Prehistòrica), Departament d’ Història, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain

    Ariadna Nieto, Natalia Alonso & Joan B. López

  4. ARCHAEOM, Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain

    Tona Majó

  5. INSITU S.C.P. Arqueologia funerària, preventiva i patrimoni cultural, Centelles-Begur-Sant Feliu de Guíxols, Catalonia, Spain

    Bibiana Agustí

  6. Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science (IPNA/IPAS), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Spalenring 145, CH-4055, Basel, Switzerland

    Ferran Antolín

  7. Iltirta Arqueologia S.L., Corbins, Lleida, Spain

    Andreu Moya

  8. Independent archaeologist, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain

    Alba Rodríguez

  9. Departament de Prehistòria of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain

    Antoni Palomo

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  1. Aurora Grandal-d’Anglade
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Correspondence to Aurora Grandal-d’Anglade.

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Grandal-d’Anglade, A., Albizuri, S., Nieto, A. et al. Dogs and foxes in Early-Middle Bronze Age funerary structures in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula: human control of canid diet at the sites of Can Roqueta (Barcelona) and Minferri (Lleida). Archaeol Anthropol Sci 11, 3949–3978 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00781-z

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