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Neanderthal selective hunting of reindeer? The case study of Abri du Maras (south-eastern France)

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Abstract

Monospecific exploitation of reindeer by Neanderthals is a common behaviour in the Upper Pleistocene of Western Europe. However, reindeer-dominated assemblages have largely been reported from regions of northern Germany and south-western France, with few examples noted in south-eastern France, where faunal assemblages yield most of the time a variety of other large ungulates such as red deer, horse and diverse bovids. Here, we present multi-strand (bio- and eco-) archaeological datasets from the site of Abri du Maras (level 4.1), situated at the mouth of the Ardèche and Rhône rivers, a new example of a reindeer-dominated Neanderthal site in south-eastern France. Dated to the beginning of the MIS 3, the zooarchaeological assemblage is dominated by reindeer (88% of the NISP, representing 16 individuals) but also includes horse, bison, giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus), red deer, ibex and lagomorphs. The combination of zooarchaeological, cementochronological and tooth microwear analyses evidence a single species-dominated spectrum, with catastrophic mortality and repeated autumnal deaths. This integrated approach provides an extensive picture of human subsistence behaviour, pointing to short-term hunting episodes of reindeer herds in an exceptional context of a quasi-exclusive Neanderthal accumulation. The high number of individuals and selective butchery may correspond with a cooperative and planned mass hunting strategy. The multidisciplinary approach undertaken here also incorporating paleontological, charcoal, ecological and isotopic analyses places the archaeological and zooarchaeological data within a broader regional palaeoenvironmental framework, providing valuable landscape-contextual information. The zooarchaeological data suggest a subsistence behaviour different from other Neanderthal reindeer-dominated assemblages often connected with specialised butchery or hunting sites.

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Acknowledgements

Fieldwork was supported by the Regional Office of Archaeology Rhône-Alpes, the French Ministry of Culture and Communication and the Ardèche Department through several scientific programs. M.G.Chacon, F. Rivals and E. Allué research are funded by ‘CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya’. Thanks to Jean-Jacques Hublin, Annabell Reiner and Steven Steinbrenner from the Max Planck Institute (MPI-EVA) for analytical support (isotope analysis). We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks on this manuscript. The English manuscript was edited by L. Byrne, an official translator and native English speaker.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Histoire Naturelle de l’Homme Préhistorique (HNHP, UMR 7194), Sorbonne Universités, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN), CNRS, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013, Paris, France

    C. Daujeard, D. Vettese, N. Boulbes, M. G. Chacón, S. Puaud, J. J. Bahain, C. Falguères & M.-H. Moncel

  2. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany

    K. Britton

  3. Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St. Mary’s Building, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3UF, UK

    K. Britton

  4. Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (UMR 7209), Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, CNRS, 55 rue Buffon, CP 56, 75005, Paris, France

    P. Béarez

  5. Museum Requien, 67 rue Joseph Vernet, 84000, Avignon, France

    E. Crégut-Bonnoure

  6. Laboratoire départemental de Préhistoire du Lazaret (UMR 7194-USM 204), 33 bis boulevard Franck Pilatte, 06300, Nice, France

    E. Desclaux

  7. Laboratoire Méditerranéen de Préhistoire Europe Afrique (LAMPEA, UMR 7269), Maison Méditerranéenne des Sciences de l’Homme, BP 647, 13094, Aix-en-Provence cedex 02, France

    N. Lateur

  8. Department of Anthropology, Vassar College Raymond Ave, Poughkeepsie, NY, 12604, USA

    A. Pike-Tay

  9. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain

    F. Rivals, E. Allué & M. G. Chacón

  10. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Av. Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain

    F. Rivals, E. Allué & M. G. Chacón

  11. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain

    F. Rivals

  12. Institut de recherche sur les Archéomatériaux – Centre de recherche en Physique appliquée à l’Archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A - UMR 5060), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Maison de l’Archéologie, Esplanade des Antilles, 33607, Pessac, France

    M. Richard

  13. Laboratoire PROMES – Procédés Matériaux et Energie Solaires (CNRS-UPR 8521), Rambla de la Thermodynamique, Tecnosud, 66100, Perpignan, France

    M.-A. Courty

  14. Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Via dei Volsci 122, 00185, Rome, Italy

    R. Gallotti

  15. Department of Anthropology, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, 43022, USA

    B. Hardy

  16. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE) (UMR 8212), Bât. 12, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    E. Pons-Branchu & H. Valladas

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  1. C. Daujeard
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  2. D. Vettese
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Correspondence to C. Daujeard.

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Daujeard, C., Vettese, D., Britton, K. et al. Neanderthal selective hunting of reindeer? The case study of Abri du Maras (south-eastern France). Archaeol Anthropol Sci 11, 985–1011 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-017-0580-8

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