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Carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of natural pastures in the dry Puna of Argentina: a baseline for the study of prehistoric herd management strategies

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Abstract

This study represents an isotopic survey of modern plants developed to establish baseline isotopic values in order to explore prehistoric herd management strategies employed by the South American camelid herders that occupied the southern Andean highlands during the past 3000 years. We present carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic compositions of natural pastures collected from different plant communities along an altitudinal gradient in the dry Puna of Argentina. Our results show that C3 plants are the most abundant along the whole altitudinal gradient and that C3 and C4 plants exhibit a differential distribution, the latter being less abundant in those sites located above 3900 meters above sea level (masl). At the same time, plants growing at low-altitude sites with low water availability exhibit higher δ15N values than plants growing at high-altitude sites with higher water availability. These results explain the negative correlation found between altitude and South American camelid bone collagen δ13C and δ15N values published in previous studies. This work represents a fundamental step towards the building of an isotopic ecology for the dry Puna area with the ultimate goal to explore herd management strategies employed by human groups in the past. In this sense, modern plant and South American camelid tissue isotopic compositions would provide a frame of reference to interpret isotopic compositions measured on archaeofaunal remains recovered at pastoral sites, with the aim to explore mobility and pastureland use by prehistoric herders.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Brenda Oxman, Alicia Cruz, Juan Maryañski, Marcelo Morales and Sabrina Bustos for their help during field trips, and Mariela Borgnia and Francisco Ratto for their collaboration in plant identification. We are grateful to Estela Ducós and Nazareno Piperissa for their invaluable assistance during laboratory procedures. We also wish to thank Guti Tessone, Malena Pirola and Violeta Killian Galván for their insights in discussing the manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of the manuscript and detailed comments, which greatly improved the quality of our work. This research was supported by grants from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET PIP 0569), the Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBACyT 230BA) and the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT PICT 2013-0479).

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  1. CONICET - Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón INGEIS, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Celeste T. Samec & Héctor O. Panarello

  2. CONICET - Instituto de Arqueología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 25 de Mayo 221 3er piso, C1002ABE, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Hugo D. Yacobaccio

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  1. Celeste T. Samec
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Correspondence to Celeste T. Samec.

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Samec, C.T., Yacobaccio, H.D. & Panarello, H.O. Carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of natural pastures in the dry Puna of Argentina: a baseline for the study of prehistoric herd management strategies. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 9, 153–163 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-015-0263-2

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