A spatio-temporal three-dimensional conceptualization and simulation of Dera Ismail Khan alluvial aquifer in visual MODFLOW: a case study from Pakistan

  • Anwar Qadir
  • Zulfiqar Ahmad
  • Tahseenullah Khan
  • Mohammad Zafar
  • Atwar Qadir
  • Mamoru Murata
Original Paper
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:
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Abstract

Dera Ismail Khan (DIK) is situated in the Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan. The land use has been changed in the canal command area due to irrigation activities near the Indus River. To check the current status and predict the groundwater levels in the area, the unconfined aquifer has been simulated in Visual MODFLOW for a period of 35 years, i.e., from 1985 to 2020. The 2900-km2 area has been modeled with a grid of 500 by 500 m and the depth set to 100 m. The aquifer in the study area has been divided vertically and laterally into three and ten zones, respectively, for the characterization. Water wells and streams were used as the sinks and hydrologic boundaries, respectively. The model was successfully calibrated in steady and the non-steady state. The simulation revealed that the whole simulation can be divided into two phases, i.e., before and after the construction of the Chashma Right Bank Canal (CRBC), whereas the results were summarized in the form of water table depth maps and groundwater budget calculations. To determine the groundwater sustainability, a conjunctive use scenario has been employed to simulate the aquifer dynamics till 2020. The simulation revealed incremental drawdowns till the end.

Keywords

Visual MODFLOW DIK Water table depth (WTD) Indus River 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The Higher Education Commission is highly acknowledged for providing all the necessary funding for this research under the Indigenous Scholarship Scheme (No. B 064).

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Copyright information

© Saudi Society for Geosciences 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of GeologyUniversity of HaripurHaripurPakistan
  2. 2.Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesBahria UniversityIslamabadPakistan
  3. 3.Department of Earth SciencesQuaid-e-Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
  4. 4.Department of Basic SciencesRiphah International UniversityIslamabadPakistan
  5. 5.Department of Geosciences, Faculty of ScienceNaruto University of Education, National University CorporationNarutoJapan

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