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The ‘Global Phylogeny’ and its Historical Legacy: A Critical Review of a Unified Theory of Human Biological and Linguistic Co-Evolution

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Medicine Studies

Abstract

In a critical review of late twentieth-century gene-culture co-evolutionary models labelled as ‘global phylogeny’, the authors present evidence for the long legacy of co-evolutionary theories in European-based thinking, highlighting that (1) ideas of social and cultural evolution preceded the idea of biological evolution, (2) linguistics played a dominant role in the formation of a unified theory of human co-evolution, and (3) that co-evolutionary thinking was only possible due to perpetuated and renewed transdisciplinary reticulations between scholars of different disciplines—especially within the integrative framework of the ‘humanid’ and the ‘hominid’ branches of anthropology.

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Notes

  1. Some examples are Gray and Atkinson (2003), Atkinson and Gray (2005), Gray (2005), Pagel (2009), Donohue and Denham (2010), Currie et al. (2010) and Atkinson (2010).

  2. Cavalli-Sforza and Bodmer (1971), Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman (1981), Ammerman and Cavalli-Sforza (1984), Cavalli-Sforza et al. (1988), (1994) and Cavalli-Sforza and Seielstad (2001).

  3. Campbell (1974), Bradie and Harms (2012), Gontier et al. (2006).

  4. Dawkins (1976).

  5. Cavalli-Sforza et al. (1988), (1994), Cavalli-Sforza and Seielstad (2001), Renfrew (1987) and Ruhlen (1994).

  6. Fausto-Sterling (2009: 82–129), Weingart et al. (1992).

  7. Rimmer (2007: 34).

  8. Cavalli-Sforza et al. (1991).

  9. MacIntosh (2005: 224) and Kressing (1994).

  10. M’Charek (2005) and Rimmer (2007: 34).

  11. Anon (2012).

  12. Marks (1995: 177) and MacIntosh (2005: 214).

  13. The International HapMap Consortium (2005).

  14. MacIntosh (2005: 223–224), Butler (2010), United Peoples Council on Biocolonialism (2006).

  15. Cassmann (1594).

  16. Streck (2000).

  17. Descartes (1641) and Zittel (2009).

  18. Buffon (1749–1788), 36 vol. The fifth volume of the Berlin edition (Allgemeine Historie der Natur, Joachim Pauli, 1771–1774) is titled “Naturgeschichte des Menschen” (“natural history of man”).

  19. Kant (1775) and (1785).

  20. Blumenbach (1775).

  21. Herder (1772).

  22. Forster (1786).

  23. Oken (1809–1811).

  24. Hoßfeld (2005: 57).

  25. Darwin (1859) and (1871).

  26. Hann (2005).

  27. Klemm (1843).

  28. Waitz (1877).

  29. Bastian (1860).

  30. Tylor (1871).

  31. Frazer (1890).

  32. Streck (2000).

  33. Postel (1538) and Schlözer (1781).

  34. Auroux (1990).

  35. Krischel et al. (2011).

  36. van Driem (2005).

  37. Postel (1538), Witsen (1692), Schlözer (1781) and Champollion (1820).

  38. Jones (1786).

  39. Bopp (1816), Rask (1818), Grimm (1819–1834) and Müller (1855).

  40. Brugmann and Delbrück (1896–1900), Leskien (1876), Sievers (1876), Paul (1889).

  41. Brues (1977: 19).

  42. Hornius (1666), Linnaeus (1735), Blumenbach (1775) and Kant (1775).

  43. Cavalli-Sforza et al. (1988).

  44. Blumenbach (1775).

  45. Lamarck (1809), Chambers (1844) and Darwin (1859).

  46. Ferguson (1767).

  47. Condorcet (1795).

  48. Quètelet (1838).

  49. Comte (1830–1842).

  50. Fuchs-Heinritz (1998).

  51. Spencer (1857).

  52. Spencer (1864–1867).

  53. Only from the fifth edition (1869) onward.

  54. Darwin (1859, fifth edition 1869: 342).

  55. Darwin (1871: 113).

  56. Römer (1989).

  57. Bopp (1816), Rask (1818), Grimm (1819–1834) and Müller (1855).

  58. Schleicher (1853).

  59. Haeckel (1874).

  60. Sokolovskii and Tishkov (1996: 191).

  61. Herder (1772) and Fichte (1807/1808).

  62. Römer (1989).

  63. Schlegel (1808).

  64. Pictet (1837).

  65. Gobineau (1853/55).

  66. Le Bon (1894).

  67. Lapouge (1899).

  68. Schleicher (1873:13) and Bleek (1868).

  69. Schimper (1883) and Mereschkowsky (1905).

  70. Sagan (1967), Margulis (1970), Geus and Höxtermann (2007).

  71. Thunmann (1774).

  72. Namely the absence of infinitive, postponed articles and a ‘murmur’ vowel of similar quality.

  73. Miklosich (1862).

  74. Kopitar (1829) and Trubetzkoj (1930).

  75. Jakobson (1931).

  76. Geisler and List (forthcoming).

  77. Gerland also worked as a musical composer, linguist, and physicist, and established close intellectual ties with Jacob Grimm (1785–1863), Wilhelm Grimm (1786–1859), and the anthropologist and psychologist Theodor Waitz (1821–1864).

  78. Voget (1970: 209).

  79. Bowler (1992) and (2003).

  80. Streck (2000: 43), Gingrich (2005), Frobenius (1898), Graebner (1905) and (1911), Ankermann (1905), Schmidt (1912–1955) and Koppers (1915–1916), (1924).

  81. Malinowski (1915), Radcliff-Brown (1922), Fortes and Evans Pritchard (1940).

  82. Durkheim (1912), Mauss (1913) and de Saussure (1916).

  83. Streck (2000: 142).

  84. Wissler (1917) and Kroeber (1939).

  85. Chris Hann (2005).

  86. Dobzhansky (1937), Huxley (1942), Mayr (1942).

  87. White (1949), Steward (1955), Sahlins and Service (1960).

  88. Silverman (2005: 276).

  89. Silverman (2005: 277).

  90. Steward (1955: 78–97).

  91. Silverman (2005: 283–284).

  92. Sahlins (1977) and (2000).

  93. Barth (1969).

  94. Torroni et al. (1992) and Marks (1995: 177).

  95. Boas (1913) and (1940).

  96. UNESCO (1952).

  97. Lewontin (1991).

  98. Fausto-Sterling (2009).

  99. Morel (1857).

  100. Wolf (1982: 119) and Cavalli-Sforza et al. (1994: 93–105).

  101. Hall (2005).

  102. Barth (1969).

  103. Lewontin (1991).

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  1. Institute of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Ulm, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany

    Frank Kressing, Matthis Krischel & Heiner Fangerau

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  1. Frank Kressing
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  2. Matthis Krischel
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Correspondence to Frank Kressing.

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Kressing, F., Krischel, M. & Fangerau, H. The ‘Global Phylogeny’ and its Historical Legacy: A Critical Review of a Unified Theory of Human Biological and Linguistic Co-Evolution. Medicine Studies 4, 15–27 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12376-013-0081-8

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