Archives of Pharmacal Research

, Volume 36, Issue 1, pp 125–133 | Cite as

Stability of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles in exposure media and their effects on the development of embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Research Article
First Online:

Abstract

The stability of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the embryonic developmental toxicity were evaluated in the fish test water. Serious aggregation of AgNPs was observed in undiluted fish water (DM-100) in which high concentration of ionic salts exist. However, AgNPs were found to be stable for 7 days in DM-10, prepared by diluting the original fish water (DM-100) with deionized water to 10 %. The normal physiology of zebrafish embryos were evaluated in DM-10 to see if DM-10 can be used as a control vehicle for the embryonic fish toxicity test. As results, DM-10 without AgNPs did not induce any significant adverse effects on embryonic development of zebrafish determined by mortality, hatching, malformations and heart rate. When embryonic toxicity of AgNPs was tested in both DM-10 and in DM-100, AgNPs showed higher toxicity in DM-10 than in DM-100. This means that the big-sized aggregates of AgNPs were low toxic compared to the nano-sized AgNPs. AgNPs induced delayed hatching, decreased heart rate, pericardial edema, and embryo death. Accumulation of AgNPs in the embryo bodies was also observed. Based on this study, citrate-capped AgNPs are not aggregated in DM-10 and it can be used as a control vehicle in the toxicity test of fish embryonic development.

Keywords

Silver nanoparticles Nanoparticle stability Embryonic zebrafish toxicity Nanoparticle exposure media 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2010-013-E00035). Support to SLH was provided in part by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grants ES017552-01A2, ES016896-01 and P30 ES03850, and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) FA8650-05-1-5041.

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Copyright information

© The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea and Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
  2. 2.Environmental and Molecular ToxicologyOregon State UniversityCorvallisUSA
  3. 3.Safer Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing InitiativeOregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies InstituteCorvallisUSA
  4. 4.School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityORUSA
  5. 5.Environmental Health Sciences CenterOregon State UniversityCorvallisUSA

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