Pre-clinical In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Heart Valve Therapies
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Abstract
Heart valve disease is a frequently encountered pathology, related to high morbidity and mortality rates. Animal models are interesting to investigate the causality but also underlying mechanisms and potential treatments of human heart valve diseases. Strongly believing that both in vivo and ex vivo models are fundamental to support research and development of new technologies, we here report some examples of heart valve disease models, which in our experience have been actively used to support the development of new valve therapies.
Keywords
Heart valve disease Animal models Bench modelNotes
Compliance with Ethical Standards
All applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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