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Dual Functions of Microglia in Ischemic Stroke

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Abstract

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Resident microglia are the principal immune cells of the brain, and the first to respond to the pathophysiological changes induced by ischemic stroke. Traditionally, it has been thought that microglial activation is deleterious in ischemic stroke, and therapies to suppress it have been intensively explored. However, increasing evidence suggests that microglial activation is also critical for neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and synaptic remodeling, thereby promoting functional recovery after cerebral ischemia. Here, we comprehensively review the dual role of microglia during the different phases of ischemic stroke, and the possible mechanisms controlling the post-ischemic activity of microglia. In addition, we discuss the dynamic interactions between microglia and other cells, such as neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and endothelial cells within the brain parenchyma and the neurovascular unit.

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Acknowledgements

This review was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81571132, 81873743, and 81801223), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (2017KFYXJJ107 and 2017KFYXJJ124), and the National Institutes of Health, USA (R01NS088627).

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  1. Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China

    Chuan Qin, Luo-Qi Zhou, Xiao-Tong Ma, Zi-Wei Hu, Sheng Yang, Man Chen & Dai-Shi Tian

  2. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Dale B. Bosco & Long-Jun Wu

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  1. Chuan Qin
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Qin, C., Zhou, LQ., Ma, XT. et al. Dual Functions of Microglia in Ischemic Stroke. Neurosci. Bull. 35, 921–933 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-019-00388-3

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