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Vine-Kill Treatment and Harvest Date have Persistent Effects on Tuber Physiology

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Abstract

The quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers coming out of storage depends on the state of the tubers going into storage. Experiments determined the effects of vine-kill treatment and harvest date on the post-harvest physiology of potato tubers stored for up to 12 weeks. Potato cultivar Russet Burbank grown in central Wisconsin was harvested in late July when tubers were immature, in late August, and in early September after complete natural senescence of vines. Prior to the first two harvests, vines were either desiccated with diquat dibromide or were untreated. Data were collected at harvest and in storage for skin set, tuber respiration rate, and tuber sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents. Skin set at harvest was increased by use of the desiccant at the early harvest date, but not at the middle harvest date. Early harvest without vine kill resulted in elevated tuber bud-end glucose contents in storage. Early harvest with vine kill treatment resulted in increased rates of respiration in storage that persisted through December. Neither tuber sucrose nor glucose content 6 weeks after harvest was a good predictor of tuber glucose content 12 weeks after harvest. These data demonstrate that vine-kill treatment and tuber maturity at harvest have long-term effects on tuber quality.

Resumen

La calidad de los tubérculos de papa (Solanum tuberosum) saliendo del almacén, depende de la condición de los tubérculos cuando entran. Los experimentos determinaron los efectos del tratamiento para eliminación del follaje y fecha de cosecha en la fisiología de post-cosecha de tubérculos de papa almacenados hasta por 12 semanas. El cultivar Russet Burbank cultivado en la parte central de Wisconsin se cosechó a finales de julio, cuando los tubérculos eran inmaduros, a finales de agosto, y al principio de septiembre, después de completar la senescencia natural del follaje. Antes de las primeras dos cosechas, el follaje se desecó con dibromuro de diquat o sin desecante. Se tomaron datos a la cosecha y en el almacén para madurez de la piel, nivel respiratorio del tubérculo, y para el contenido de sacarosa, glucosa y fructosa. La madurez de la piel se incrementó con el uso del desecante en la fecha temprana de cosecha, mas no en la intermedia. La cosecha temprana sin la eliminación del follaje dio por resultado un contenido elevado de glucosa en el extremo apical del tubérculo en almacén. La cosecha temprana con el tratamiento de eliminación del follaje resultó en niveles elevados de respiración en el almacén que persistieron hasta diciembre. Ni el contenido de la sacarosa ni el de glucosa del tubérculo, seis semanas después de la cosecha, fueron buenos indicadores del contenido de glucosa doce semanas después de la cosecha. Estos datos demuestran que el tratamiento de eliminación del follaje y la madurez del tubérculo a la cosecha, tienen efecto a largo plazo en la calidad del tubérculo.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded in part by the Wisconsin Potato and Vegetable Growers Association whose support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank the staff at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station for their help with planting, crop management, and harvest, and Nathan Weyenberg for assistance in the field and in preparing samples for HPLC analysis. The experiments described comply with the laws of the United States of America. The authors have no financial interest with the organization that sponsored the research.

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Correspondence to Paul C. Bethke.

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Bethke, P.C., Busse, J.S. Vine-Kill Treatment and Harvest Date have Persistent Effects on Tuber Physiology. Am. J. Pot Res 87, 299–309 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-010-9137-4

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