Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Spikelet Structure in Cypereae (Cyperoideae-Cyperaceae)

  • Published:
The Botanical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work provides an analysis of the spikelet structure in Cypereae, and their taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. The main variations in the Cypereae spikelets are seem in: number and phyllotaxis of the glumes, presence/absence of empty glumes, glume morphology, rachilla internode length, prophyll development, flower structure and structure of the dispersal unit. Consistently with the latest molecular phylogenies proposed for Cypereae, our results support the division of this tribe into two groups with spikelet characters more or less typical: the Cyperus and the Ficinia clades. Within the Cyperus clade, the existence of spikelets with convergent characters among the different taxa supports the inclusion of all this clade taxa within one wide genus Cyperus, just as the current phylogenetic hypotheses proposed for the group.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  • Arnold, T. H. & K. D. Gordon-Gray. 1982. Notes on the genus Ficinia (Cyperaceae): Morphological variation within the section Bracteosae. Bothalia 14: 15–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barros, M. 1947. Cyperaceae. In: H. Decole (ed). Genera et Species Plantarum Argentinarum. Tomo IV (I y II). Kraft, Buenos Aires.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauters, K., I. Larridon, M. Reynders, P. Asselman, A. Vrijdaghs, A. M. Muasya, D. A. Simpson & P. Goetghebeur. 2014. A new classification for Lipocarpha and Volkiella as infrageneric taxa of Cyperus s.l. (Cypereae, Cyperoideae, Cyperaceae): Insights from species tree reconstruction supplemented with morphological and floral developmental data. Phytotaxa 166: 1–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Browning, J. B. M. & K. D. Gordon-Gray. 1993. Notes on tropical Africa (Cyperaceae). Nordic Journal of Botany 13: 507–510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——— & ———. 2011. Studies in Cyperaceae in Southern Africa 43: Scirpoides varius Browning—A new name for Scirpus varius Boeck. ex. C.B. Clarke. South African Journal of Botany 77: 506–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, R. & R. Mears. 2000. Cyperus (Subg. Queenslandiella) hialinus (Cyperaceae) New to the United States and the western hemisphere. Sida 19: 345–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cacciolatto, M. E., L. E. Lucero, A. G. Reutemann & A. C. Vegetti. 2009. Estructura de las inflorescencias de Pycreus P. Beauv. (Cypereae: Cyperoideae: Cyperaceae). X Jornadas de Ciencias Naturales del Litoral. II Reunión Argentina de Ciencias Naturales. Santa Fe, Argentina.

  • Chermezon, M. H. 1922. Sur la position systématique du genre Remirea. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 69: 809–814.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, C. B. 1909. Illustration of Cyperaceae. Williams & Norgate, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • eFloras. 2008. Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [Accessed 10 August 2015]. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.

  • Goetghebeur, P. 1977. Studies in Cyperaceae. 1. Taxonomic notes on Ascolepis and Marisculus, a new genus of the tribe Cypereae. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 47: 435–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——— 1980. Studies in Cyperaceae 2. Contribution towards a revision of the mainly African genus Ascolepis Nees ex Steudel. Adansonia 2(19): 269–305.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1986. Genera Cyperacearum. Dr. Sci. Thesis, State University, Ghent.

  • Goetghebeur, P. 1998. Cyperaceae. Pp 141–190. In: K. Kubitzki, H. Huber, P. J. Rudall, P. S. Stevens, & T. Stützel (eds). The families and genera of vascular plants 4. Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— & A. Van den Borre. 1989. Studies in Cyperaceae 8. A revision of Lipocarpha, including Hemicarpha and Rikliella. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Papers 89–1: 87 pp.

  • Guarise, N. J. & A. C. Vegetti. 2007. The Inflorescences structure of Cyperus L. section Luzuloidei Kunth (Cyperaceae). Plant Systematic and Evolution 271: 41–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, A. C. Vegetti & R. Pozner. 2012. Multiple origin of congested inflorescences in Cyperus s.s.: Developmental and structural evidence. American Journal of Botany 99: 1276–1288.

  • Haines, R. W. 1967. Prophylls and branching in Cyperaceae. Journal of East African Natural History 26: 51–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • ——— & K. A. Lye. 1983. The sedges and rushes of East Africa. East African Natural History Society, Nairobi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooper, S. S. 1986. A concept of the Cyperoid spikelet and its terminology, illustrated by new species of Lipocarpha (Cyperaceae). Kew Bulletin 41: 423–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koyama, T. 1961. Classification of the family Cyperaceae I. Journal of Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo 8: 37–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huygh, W., I. Larridon, M. Reynders, A. M. Muasya, R. Govaerts, D. A. Simpson & P. Goetghebeur. 2010. Nomenclature and typification of names of genera and subdivisions of genera in Cypereae (Cyperaceae): 1. Names of genera in the Cyperus clade. Taxon 59: 1883–1890.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larridon, I., W. Huygh, M. Reynders, A. M. Muasya, R. Govaerts, D. A. Simpson & P. Goetghebeur. 2011a. Nomenclature and tipification of names of genera and subdivisions of genera in Cypereae (Cyperaceae): 2. Names of subdivisions of Cyperus. Taxon 60: 868–884.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, M. Reynders, W. Huygh, K. Bauters, K. Van de Putte, A. M. Muasya, P. Boeckx, D. A. Simpson, A. Vrijdaghs & P. Goetghebeur. 2011b. Affinities in C3 Cyperus lineages (Cyperaceae) revealed using molecular phylogenetic data and carbon isotope analysis. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 167: 19–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, ———, M. Reynders, W. Huygh, K. Bauters, A. Vrijdaghs, O. Leroux, A. M. Muasya, D. A. Simpson & P. Goetghebeur. 2011c. Taxonomic changes in C3 Cyperus (Cyperaceae) supported by molecular data, morphology, embryography, ontogeny and anatomy. Plant Ecology and Evolution 144: 327–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, K. Bauters, M. Reynders, W. Huygh, A. M. Muasya, D. A. Simpson & P. Goetghebeur. 2013. Towards a new classification of the giant paraphyletic genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae): phylogenetic relationships and generic delimitation in C4 Cyperus. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172: 106–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, ———, ———, ——— & P. Goetghebeur. 2014. Taxonomic changes in C4 Cyperus (Cypereae, Cyperoideae, Cyperaceae): Combining the sedge genera Ascolepis, Kyllinga and Pycreus into Cyperus s.l. Phytotaxa 166: 33–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muasya, A. M. & P. J. de Lange. 2010. Ficinia spiralis (Cyperaceae) a new genus and combination for Desmoschoenus spiralis. New Zealand Journal of Botany 48: 31–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——— & D. A. Simpson. 2002. A monograph of the genus Isolepis R. Br. (Cyperaceae). Kew Bulletin 57: 257–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, ——— & M. W. Chase. 2001a. Generic relationships and character evolution in Cyperus s.l. (Cyperaceae). Systematics and Geography of Plants 71: 539–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, ——— & ———. 2001b. A phylogeny of Isolepis (Cyperaceae) inferred using rbcL and trnL-F sequence data. Systematic Botany 26: 342–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, ——— & ———. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in Cyperus L. s.l. (Cyperaceae) inferred from plastid DNA sequence data. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 138: 145–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, ———, G. A. Verboom, P. Goetghebeur, R. F. C. Naczi, M. W. Chase & E. Smets. 2009a. Phylogeny of Cyperaceae based on DNA sequence data: Current progress and future prospects. Botanical Review 75: 2–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, A. Vrijdaghs, D. A. Simpson, M. W. Chase, P. Goetghebeur & E. Smets. 2009b. What is a genus in Cypereae: Phylogeny, character homology assessment and generic circumscription. Botanical Review 75: 52–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, P. M. Musili & A. Vrijdaghs. 2010. Kyllinga mbitheana (Cyperaceae)—Description, Floral Ontogeny and Pollen Micromorphology of a New Species from Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 99: 65–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, M. Reynders, P. Goetghebeur, D. A. Simpson & A. Vrijdaghs. 2012. Dracoscirpoides (Cyperaceae)—a new genus from Southern Africa, its taxonomy and floral ontogeny. South African Journal of Botany 72: 104–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, J. Viljoen, M. N. Dludlu & S. Demissew. 2014. Phylogenetic position of Cyperus clandestinus (Cypereae, Cyperaceae) clarified by morphological and molecular evidence. Nordic Journal of Botany 32: 106–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palla, E. 1905. Ueber den morphologischen Wert der Blüte der Gattungen Lipocarpha und Platylepis. Berichte der Deutschen botanischen Gesellschaft 23: 316–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raynal, J. 1966. Notes cypérologiques 4. Trois Cyperus africains à style indivis. Adansonia 6: 301–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reutemann, A. G., L. E. Lucero, N. Guarise & A. C. Vegetti. 2012. Structure of the Cyperaceae Inflorescence. Botanical Review 78: 184–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, V. Pilatti, N. Guarise & A. Vegetti. 2014. Typical cyperoid reproductive structures in Lipocarpha humboldtiana and Ascolepis brasiliensis (Cypereae-Cyperoideae-Cyperaceae): new evidence from a development perspective. Flora 209: 15–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynders, M., W. Huygh, I. Larridon, A. M. Muasya, R. Govaerts, D. A. Simpson & P. Goetghebeur. 2011. Nomenclature and typification of names of genera and subdivisions of genera in the Cypereae (Cyperaceae): 3. Names in segregate genera of Cyperus. Taxon 60: 885–895.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, A. Vrijdaghs, I. Larridon, W. Huygh, O. Leroux, A. M. Muasya & P. Goetghebeur. 2012. Gynoecial anatomy and development in Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae, Poales): Congenital fusion of carpels facilitates evolutionary modifications in pistil structure. Plant Ecology and Evolution 145(1): 96–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, D. A., A. M. Muasya, M. V. Alves, J. J. Bruhl, S. Dhooge, M. W. Chase, C. A. Furness, K. Ghamkhar, P. Goetghebeur, T. R. Hodkinson, A. D. Marchant, A. A. Reznicek, R. Nieuwborg, E. H. Roalson, E. Smets, J. R. Starr, W. W. Thomas, K. L. Wilson & X. Zang. 2007. Phylogeny of Cyperaceae based on DNA sequence data—A New rbcL analysis. In: J. T. Columbus, E. A. Friar, J. M. Porter, L. M. Prince, & M. G. Simpson (eds.), Monocots III/Grasses IV. Aliso, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 23: 72–83.

  • Trevisan, R., R. Lüdtke & I. Boldrini. 2007. O gênero Kyllinga Rottb. (Cyperaceae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biociências 5: 27–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, C. S. & J. Grimes. 1999. The inflorescence: Introduction. Botanical Review 65: 303–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Veken, P. 1965. Contribution à l’embryographie systématique des Cyperaceae-Cyperoideae. Bulletin du Jardin botanique De l’État à Bruxelles 35: 285–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vrijdaghs, A. 2006. A floral ontogenetic approach to homology questions in non-mapanioid Cyperaceae—Een bloemontogenetische benadering van homologie-vraagstukken bij nietmapanioïde Cyperaceae. PhD Thesis, K. U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

  • ———, P. Caris, P. Goetghebeur & E. Smets. 2005a. Floral ontogeny in Scirpus, Dulichium and Eriophorum (Cyperaceae), with special reference to the perianth. Annals of Botany 95: 1199–1209.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • ———, P. Goetghebeur, A. M. Muasya, P. Caris & E. Smets. 2005b. Floral ontogeny in Ficinia and Isolepis (Cyperaceae), with focus on the nature and origin of the gynophore. Annals of Botany 96: 1247–1264.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • ———, ———, E. Smets & A. M. Muasya. 2006. The floral scales in Hellmuthia (Cyperaceae, Cyperoideae) and Paramapania (Cyperaceae, Mapanioideae): An ontogenetic study. Annals of Botany 98: 619–630.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • ———, ———, ——— & P. Caris. 2007. The Schoenus spikelet: A rhipidium? A floral ontogenetic answer. Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany 23: 204–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, A. M. Muasya, P. Goetghebeur, P. Caris, A. Nagels & E. Smets. 2009. A floral ontogenetic approach to homology questions within the Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae). Botanical Review 75: 30–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, M. Reynders, I. Larridon, A. M. Muasya, E. Smets & P. Goetghebeur. 2010. Spikelet structure and development in Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae): A monopodial general model based on ontogenetic evidence. Annals of Botany 105: 555–571.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • ———, ———, A. M. Muasya, I. Larridon, P. Goetghebeur & E. Smets. 2011. Spikelet and Floral Ontogeny in Cyperus and Pycreus (Cyperaceae). Plant Ecology and Evolution 144: 44–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weberling, F. 1992. Morphology of flowers and inflorescences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, K. L. 1991. Systematic studies in Cyperus section Pinnati (Cyperaceae). Telopea 4: 361–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yano, O., H. Ikeda, M. F. Watson, K. R. Rajbhandari, X. F. Jin, T. Hoshino, A. M. Muasya & H. Ohba. 2012. Phylogenetic position of the Himalayan genus Erioscirpus (Cyperaceae) inferred from DNA sequence data. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 170: 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Morfología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina

    Nora Uberti, Andrea Reutemann & Abelardo Vegetti

  2. CONICET, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Nora Uberti, Andrea Reutemann & Abelardo Vegetti

  3. Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Rodrigo Ardissone

Authors
  1. Nora Uberti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andrea Reutemann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rodrigo Ardissone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Abelardo Vegetti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abelardo Vegetti.

Additional information

Nora Uberti and Andrea Reutemann are joint first authors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Uberti, N., Reutemann, A., Ardissone, R. et al. Spikelet Structure in Cypereae (Cyperoideae-Cyperaceae). Bot. Rev. 82, 239–257 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-016-9166-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-016-9166-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation