Quantitative effects of a declaration of a state of emergency on foot-and-mouth disease

  • Takenori Yamauchi
  • Shouhei Takeuchi
  • Yoichiro Horii
  • Yuko Yamano
  • Yoshiki Kuroda
  • Toshio Nakadate
Regular Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:
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Abstract

Objectives

The law in Japan requires the declaration of a state of emergency and implementation of countermeasures for an epidemic of a new infectious disease. However, because a state of emergency has never been declared in Japan, its effects remain unknown. The required countermeasures are similar to those implemented in the foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in Miyazaki in 2010. This study aimed to quantitatively estimate the effect of the declaration in 2010 and investigate the nature of the epidemic based on the day on which the declaration took effect.

Methods

Only publicly available data were used. Data for farms in the most affected town were analyzed. A modified susceptible–infected–recovered model was used to estimate the effect and for the simulation. Another model was used to estimate the effective reproduction number.

Results

After the declaration, the intra-bovine transmission rate decreased by 18.1 %, and there were few days when the effective reproduction number was >1.0. A few weeks delay in the declaration significantly increased the possibility of epidemic, number of farms at peak, and final infection scale.

Conclusions

Based on the substantial decrease in the transmission rate after the declaration of a state of emergency in 2010, a future declaration will have a similar effect for a new infectious disease even though a direct extrapolation is not valid. Although a declaration should be carefully considered owing to the potential socioeconomic effects, it is essential to prepare for the implementation given that a delay of only a few weeks should be acceptable.

Keywords

New infectious disease Foot-and-mouth disease Effective reproduction number Mathematical model Declaration of a state of emergency 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant from the University of Miyazaki and Showa University. The funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

For this type of study, formal consent is not required.

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Copyright information

© The Japanese Society for Hygiene 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Takenori Yamauchi
    • 1
  • Shouhei Takeuchi
    • 2
  • Yoichiro Horii
    • 3
  • Yuko Yamano
    • 1
  • Yoshiki Kuroda
    • 2
  • Toshio Nakadate
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of MedicineShowa UniversityTokyoJapan
  2. 2.Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan
  3. 3.Center for Collaborative Research and Community CooperationUniversity of MiyazakiMiyazakiJapan

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