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Musik und Herz

Was ist gesichert, was nicht, was ist neu?

Music and heart

What is verified, what is not, what’s new?

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Der Kardiologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Musik spielt im Leben eines jeden Menschen nicht nur eine wichtige Rolle, sondern hat auch Effekte auf Herzfrequenz (HF), Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV) und auf andere physiologische Parameter. Bei Musikern sind die Beeinflussungen von HF, HRV und autonomem Nervensystem größer als bei Musikzuhörern. Obgleich Musik als subjektives Empfinden zu interpretieren ist, zeigen Studien, dass objektive Parameter unter verschiedenen Umständen eindeutig durch Musik beeinflusst werden. Es wurde nachgewiesen, dass Musik als Prämedikation zu einer signifikant niedrigen Ängstlichkeitsrate führte als Midazolam. Musik wird auch bei anderen Situationen eingesetzt, bei depressiven Menschen, alten Menschen, zur Schmerztherapie und im Rahmen der Intensiv- bzw. Palliativmedizin. Musik sollte jedoch individuell nach den Wünschen der Patienten ausgewählt werden. Nur so lassen sich die gewünschten Effekte erreichen, Ängste vermeiden und führen zu einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität (QoL). Die besten Musikeffekte sind durch klassische oder meditative Musik zu erreichen. Es gibt viele Komponisten, deren Musik zu einer Verbesserung der QoL führt, besonders Bach, Mozart oder italienische Komponisten sind hier zu nennen. In eigenen Untersuchungen konnten wir zeigen, dass klassische Musik, Heavy Metal und Ruhe positive Effekte auf Herzfrequenz und Blutdruck hatten im Vergleich zu Popmusik der schwedischen Gruppe ABBA. Musik wird im Rahmen der Musiktherapie bei vielen Krankheitsbildern zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen.

Abstract

It is well known that music not only improves the quality of life (QoL) but also has different effects on heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV). A greater modulation of HR, HRV and modulations in cardiac autonomic nerve activity were revealed to have a greater effect on music performers than on music listeners. Reactions to music are considered subjective but studies suggested that cardiorespiratory variables are influenced under different circumstances. Higher effectiveness and absence of apparent adverse effects make preoperative relaxing music a useful alternative to drugs for premedication. In addition, there is sufficient practical evidence of stress reduction to suggest that a proposed regimen of listening to music while resting in bed after open heart surgery should be put into clinical use. Music interventions should be provided as an integral part of the multimodal regimen administered to patients who have undergone cardiovascular surgery. It is a supportive source that increases relaxation. Music is also effective under other conditions and can be utilized as an effective intervention for patients with depressive symptoms, in geriatrics and in pain, intensive care or palliative medicine; however, carefully selected music that incorporates a patient’s own preferences may provide an effective method to reduce anxiety and to improve QoL. The most benefits on health are visible in classical music and meditation music. There are several composers whose music can most effectively be used to improve QoL, particularly Bach, Mozart and Italian componists. In own studies we could demonstrate that classical music, heavy metal music and relaxation led to decreased HR, systolic and diastolic pressures in comparison to pop music of the Swedish group ABBA. Music is important and music therapy will increase and will help in many diseases.

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H.-J. Trappe gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Alle im vorliegenden Manuskript beschriebenen Untersuchungen am Menschen wurden mit Zustimmung der zuständigen Ethik-Kommission, im Einklang mit nationalem Recht sowie gemäß der Deklaration von Helsinki von 1975 (in der aktuellen, überarbeiteten Fassung) durchgeführt. Von allen beteiligten Patienten liegt eine Einverständniserklärung vor.

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Trappe, HJ. Musik und Herz. Kardiologe 11, 486–496 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12181-017-0192-7

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