Food Analytical Methods

, Volume 10, Issue 11, pp 3508–3522 | Cite as

Geographical Origin Discrimination of Oolong Tea (TieGuanYin, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

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Abstract

A total of 90 oolong tea samples were collected from three different growing places in the Fujian province of China. Both proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) were used to analyze the collected tea samples. With the aid of chemometric methods, differential components in 1H NMR data and characteristic wavenumbers from NIR spectra were identified. Since NMR and NIR provide complementary information for tea samples, data fusion was carried out by combining 1H NMR and NIR spectra of the collected tea sample. Experimental results showed that a better discrimination accuracy of geographical origins of oolong tea could be achieved by combining NMR and NIR data (86.2–95.8%), as compared to using NMR data (68.2–78.7%) or NIR data (80.0–89.3%) alone. The current data suggested that a combination of NMR and NIR methods could serve as an efficient way for geographical origin discrimination and qualitative control of oolong tea.

Keywords

Oolong tea Geographical origin discrimination NMR NIR Data fusion 

Abbreviations

D2

Second-order derivatives

EC

Epicatechin

ECG

Epicatechin-3-gallate

EGC

Epigallocatechin

EGCG

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate

FIDs

Free induction decays

GC-MS

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

HCA

Hierarchical cluster analysis

ICP-AES

Inductively coupled plasma-atomic optical emission spectroscopy

LDA

Linear discriminant analysis

MCCV

Monte Carlo cross-validation

NIR

Near-infrared

NMR

Nuclear magnetic resonance

OPLS-DA

Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis

PC

Principal component

PCA

Principal components analysis

PGI

Protected geographical indications

PLS-DA

Partial least square-discriminant analysis

PQN

Probabilistic quotient normalization

SG

Savitzky-Golay

SNV

Standard normal variate

TGY

TieGuanYin

TSP

3-(Trimethylsilyl)propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt

UV

Unit variance

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Notes

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 81371639, 11505079), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (grant numbers 2015Y0032, 2015J05168), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant number 20720150018).

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of Interest

Weijun Meng declares that she has no conflict of interest. Xiangnan Xu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Kian-Kai Cheng declares that he has no conflict of interest. Jingjing Xu declares that she has no conflict of interest. Guiping Shen declares that he has no conflict of interest. Zhidan Wu declares that he has no conflict of interest. Jiyang Dong declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

Not applicable

Supplementary material

12161_2017_920_MOESM1_ESM.docx (253 kb)
ESM 1 (DOCX 253 kb)

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic ResonanceXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
  2. 2.Department of Bioprocess & Polymer Engineering, Innovative Centre in AgritechnologyUniversity Teknologi MalaysiaJohor BahruMalaysia
  3. 3.Tea Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFu’anChina

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