BioEnergy Research

, Volume 5, Issue 2, pp 515–531 | Cite as

Thermophilic Hydrogen Production from Renewable Resources: Current Status and Future Perspectives

  • Subramanian Mohan Raj
  • Suvarna Talluri
  • Lew P. Christopher
Article
First Online:

Abstract

Hydrogen (H2) is considered an alternative fuel of the future due to its high energy density and non-polluting nature. H2 energy provides many advantages over fossil fuels in that it is renewable, eco-friendly, and efficient. The global demand for H2 is increasing significantly; however, matching the supply of cost-competitive H2 to meet the current demand is a major technological barrier. H2 can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass and serve as a raw material for the synthesis of many industrially important chemicals. The use of thermophilic bacteria for biological production of H2 appears to be a promising alternative route to the current H2 production technologies. However, the carbon and H2 production metabolisms in most thermophilic bacteria have not yet been completely understood. This paper summarizes the recent research progress made toward understanding the carbon utilization for H2 production and developing gene manipulation techniques to enhance the H2 production capabilities in thermophilic bacteria. It reviews the current status, future directions and opportunities that thermophiles can offer to enable a cost-competitive and environmentally benign H2 production bioprocess.

Keywords

Hydrogen Thermophiles Lignocellulosic biomass Metabolic engineering Dark fermentation 

Abbreviations

EJ

Exajoules

MT

Metric tons

H2

Hydrogen

CO2

Carbon dioxide

USDOE

US Department of Energy

EIA

Energy Information Administration

GJ

Gigajoules

kJ

Kilojoules

\( {P_{{{{\text{H}}_{{2}}}}}} \)

Partial pressure of hydrogen

kPa

Kilopascal

ΔG′

Gibbs free energy change

ΔG0′

Standard Gibbs free energy

CDW

Cell dry weight

NAD+

β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized

NADH

β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced

NADP+

β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidized

NADPH

β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced

Fdox

Ferredoxin oxidized

Fdred

Ferredoxin reduced

ATP

Adenosine-5′-triphosphate

OMP

Orotidine-5′monophosphate

UMP

Uridine monophosphate

NFOR

NADH/ferredoxin oxidoreductase

PFOR

Pyruvate/ferredoxin oxidoreductase

H2ase

Hydrogenase

PGK

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Gly3P

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

G1,3 bp

Glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate

G3P

Glycerate 3-phosphate

GAPDH

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

EMP pathway

Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway

PP pathway

Pentose phosphate pathway

mV

Millivolt

Eo′

Standard reduction potential

Em

Midpoint potential

GAPOR

Fd-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate oxidoreductase

GAPDH

NAD+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

CMC

Carboxymethylcellulose

H2S

Hydrogen sulfide

μmax

Maximum specific growth rate

Vmax

The maximum reaction rate

\( {Q_{{{{\text{H}}_{{2}}}}}} \)

Volumetric hydrogen production rate

Km

The half-saturation constant

PSP

Potato steam peels

5-FOA

5-fluoroorotic acid

FRT

Flippase recognition site

G+C

Guanine cytosine

OD

Optical density

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Notes

Acknowledgments

Financial support by the Center for Bioprocessing R&D (CBRD) at the South Dakota School of Mines & Technology (SDSM&T), the South Dakota Board of Reagents (SD BOR), the South Dakota Governor’s Office for Economic Development (SD GOED), and the US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2012

Authors and Affiliations

  • Subramanian Mohan Raj
    • 1
  • Suvarna Talluri
    • 1
  • Lew P. Christopher
    • 1
    • 2
  1. 1.Center for Bioprocessing Research and DevelopmentSouth Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyRapid CityUSA
  2. 2.Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringSouth Dakota School of Mines and TechnologyRapid CityUSA

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