Abstract
Previous studies have found that rumination involves thoughts that usually occur during and influence affect after experiencing failure. However, little is known about how rumination directly affects approach behavior beyond that point. Therefore, we investigated the effects of rumination on approach behavior after failure. Forty-nine university students were allocated to one of either an abstract or concrete processing mode of rumination or a control condition. A failure experience was induced through a creative thinking task, and rumination was either manipulated or not depending on the group. The students then performed a task that was similar to the failure-inducing creative thinking task. Our analysis revealed that only the concrete processing mode of rumination improved participants’ negative affect and that the manipulation of rumination ultimately did not influence approach behavior after experiencing failure.
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported in part by grant from the Hiroshima University Education and Research Support Foundation. The authors thank all of their colleagues who assisted in this study. We are grateful to Dr. Natalie J Ciarocco for her advice in this study and providing us some materials.
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Appendix
Appendix
Interview questions in APMR | |
1 | Why did you obtain the result you did on this task? |
2 | What differences were there in how you performed compared with others? |
3 | What are the implications of this task? |
4 | Why did you think the way you did during the task? |
5 | What implications were you focused on during the task? |
6 | Why did you move the way you did during the task? |
7 | Why did you use the strategies you did? |
Interview questions in CPMR | |
1 | How was the task that you solved? |
2 | How and when did you come up with your ideas? |
3 | What ideas did you create? |
4 | What did you think of during the task? |
5 | How did you focus your attention during the task? |
6 | How were your positions or actions during the task? |
7 | What methods did you use to solve this task? |
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Kambara, K., Kira, Y. & Ogata, A. An experimental study of the effect of rumination processing modes on approach behavior in a task involving previous failure. Curr Psychol 40, 2887–2895 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00225-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00225-w