Abstract
According to Bas van Fraassen, scientific realists and anti-realists disagree about whether accepting a scientific theory involves believing that the theory is true. On van Fraassen’s own anti-realist empiricist position, accepting a theory involves believing only that the theory is correct in its claims about observable aspects of the world. However, a number of philosophers have argued that acceptance and belief cannot be distinguished and thus that the debate is either confused or trivially settled in favor of the realist. In addition, another set of philosophers have argued that van Fraassen’s empiricist position appeals to an unmotivated distinction between observable and unobservable aspects of the world. This paper aims to reconstruct a van Fraassen-style empiricism about scientific acceptance that avoids these two objections – reconstructed empiricism.
Keywords
Epistemic attitude Constructive empiricism Scientific realism Acceptance and belief Manifestationalism Empirical adequacyReferences
- Alspector-Kelly, M. (2001). Should the empiricist be a constructive empiricist? Philosophy of Science, 68, 413–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Alston, W. (1996). Belief, acceptance, and religious faith. In Jordan, J., & Howard-Snyder, D. (Eds.) Faith, freedom, and rationality. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
- Blackburn, S. (1984). Spreading the word. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
- Blackburn, S. (2002). Realism: Deconstructing the debate. Ratio (new series), 15, 111–133.Google Scholar
- Bratman, M. (1992). Practical reasoning and acceptance in a context. Mind, 401, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cartwright, N. (2007). Why be hanged for even a lamb?. In Monton, B. (Ed.) Images of empiricism: essays on science and stances, with a reply from Bas C. van Fraassen (pp. 32–45). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Churchland, P.M. (1985). The ontological status of observables. In Churchland, P.M., & Hooker, C.A. (Eds.) Praise of the superempirical virtues. Images of science (pp. 35–48): University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
- Cohen, L.J. (1989). Belief and acceptance. Mind, 93, 367–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cohen, L.J. (1992). An essay on belief and acceptance. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
- Dicken, P. (2010). Constructive empiricism: Epistemology and the philosophy of science. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Duhem, P. (1954/1982). The aim and structure of physical theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
- Horwich, P. (1991). On the nature and norms of theoretical commitment. Philosophy of Science, 58, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kaplan, M. (1981a). A Bayesian theory of rational acceptance. Journal of Philosophy, 78, 305–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kaplan, M. (1981b). Rational acceptance. Philosophical Studies, 40, 129–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kaplan, M. (1995). Believing the improbable. Philosophical Studies, 77, 117–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kitcher, P. (2001). Real realism: the galilean strategy. The Philosophical Review, 110, 151–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ladyman, J (2007). The epistemology of constructive empiricism. In Monton, B. (Ed.) Images of empiricism: essays on science and stances, with a Reply from Bas C. van Fraassen (pp. 46–61). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Lance, M.N. (1995). Subjective probability and acceptance. Philosophical Studies.Google Scholar
- Lehrer, K. (1979). The Gettier problem and the analysis of knowledge. In Pappas, G.S. (Ed.) Justification and knowledge (pp. 65–78): D. Reidel Publishing Company.Google Scholar
- Maher, P. (1993). Betting on theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Melchert, N. (1985). Why constructive empiricism collapses into scientific realism. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 63, 213–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mitchell, S. (1988). Constructive empiricism and anti-realism. In PSA 1988: Proceedings of the biennial meeting of the philosophy of science association, (Vol. 1 pp. 174–180).Google Scholar
- Muller, F., & van Fraassen, B. C. (2008). How to talk about unobservables. Analysis, 68, 197–205.Google Scholar
- Pearson, K. (1911). The grammar of science, 3rd edn. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
- Psillos, S. (1996). On van fraassen’s critique of abductive reasoning. The Philosophical Quarterly, 46, 31–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Psillos, S. (2007). Putting a bridle on irrationality: an appraisal of van Fraassen’s new epistemology. In Monton, B. (Ed.) Images of empiricism: essays on science and stances, with a Reply from Bas C. van Fraassen (pp. 134–164). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Railton, P. (1989). Explanation and metaphysical controversy. In Kitcher, P., & Salmon, W.C. (Eds.) Minnesota studies in the philosophy of science, (Vol. 13 pp. 220–252): University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
- Rosen, G. (1994). What is constructive empiricism? Philosophical Studies, 74, 143–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sober, E. (1985). Constructive empiricism and the problem of aboutness. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 36, 11–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sober, E. (1993). Epistemology for empiricists. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 18, 39–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Teller, P. (2001). Whither constructive empiricism. Philosophical Studies, 106, 123–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- van Fraassen, B.C. (1980). The scientific image. Oxford: Clarendon.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- van Fraassen, B.C. (1985). Empiricism in the philosophy of science. In Churchland, P.M., & Hooker, C.A. (Eds.) Images of science. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
- van Fraassen, B.C. (1989). Laws and symmetry. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- van Fraassen, B.C. (1994). Gideon Rosen on constructive empiricism. Philosophical Studies, 74, 179–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- van Fraassen, B.C. (2000). The false hopes of traditional epistemology. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 60, 253–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- van Fraassen, B.C. (2001). Constructive empiricism now. Philosophical Studies, 106, 151–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- van Fraassen, B.C. (2002). The empirical stance. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
- van Fraassen, B.C. (2007). From a view of science to a new empiricism. In Monton, B. (Ed.) Images of empiricism: essays on science and stances, with a reply from Bas C. van Fraassen (pp. 337–385). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Velleman, J.D. (2000). On the aim of belief. In The possibility of practical reason (pp. 244–281). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Williams, B. (1973). Deciding to believe. In Problems of the self (pp. 136–151). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar