Abstract
Observations show that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. This requires that the dominant constituent of matter in the Universe has some unusual properties like negative pressure. This exotic component has been given the name dark energy. We work with the simplest model of dark energy, the cosmological constant introduced by Einstein. We study the evolution of spherical over-densities in such a model and show that there is a minimum over-density required for collapse; perturbations with a smaller amplitude do not collapse. This threshold is interesting as even perturbations with a positive over-density and negative energy do not collapse in finite time. Further, we show that perturbations with an amplitude larger than, but comparable to the threshold value, take a very long time to collapse. We compare the solutions with the case when dark energy is absent.
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The authors thank the anonymous referee for a very detailed reading and helpful comments.
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Manvendra is a PhD scholar at IISER Mohali with research interests in structure formation, dark energy and computational methods. He is studying gravitational collapse in dark energy models.
Tuneer is doing Masters in astrophysics from TIFR Mumbai. He currently works in helioseismology and is also interested in general relativity.
Jasjeet works at IISER Mohali. He is interested in diverse problems in physics and his research is in cosmology and galaxy formation.
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Rajvanshi, M.P., Chakraborty, T. & Bagla, J.S. Gravitational Collapse and Structure Formation in an Expanding Universe with Dark Energy. Reson 24, 977–993 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12045-019-0864-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12045-019-0864-7