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The Endocannabinoid System Is Present in Rod Outer Segments from Retina and Is Modulated by Light

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Abstract

The aim of the present research was to evaluate if the endocannabinoid system (enzymes and receptors) could be modulated by light in rod outer segment (ROS) from bovine retina. First, we analyzed endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) metabolism in purified ROS obtained from dark-adapted (DROS) or light-adapted (LROS) retinas. To this end, diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL), monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and lysophosphatidate phosphohydrolase (LPAP) enzymatic activities were analyzed using radioactive substrates. The protein content of these enzymes and of the receptors to which cannabinoids bind was determined by immunoblotting under light stimulus. Our results indicate that whereas DAGL and MAGL activities were stimulated in retinas exposed to light, no changes were observed in LPAP activity. Interestingly, the protein content of the main enzymes involved in 2-AG metabolism, phospholipase C β1 (PLCβ1), and DAGLα (synthesis), and MAGL (hydrolysis), was also modified by light. PLCβ1 content was increased, while that of lipases was decreased. On the other hand, light produced an increase in the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 and a decrease in GPR55 protein levels. Taken together, our results indicate that the endocannabinoid system (enzymes and receptors) depends on the illumination state of the retina, suggesting that proteins related to phototransduction phenomena could be involved in the effects observed.

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Abbreviations

ABHD6:

Serine hydrolase a/b-hydrolase domain-containing 6

2-AG:

2-Arachidonoylglycerol

AEA:

Anandamide

BROS:

Rod outer segments obtained in darkness and subsequently illuminated

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin; CB1, cannabinoid receptor 1

CB2:

Cannabinoid receptor 2

CNS:

Central nervous system

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

DAGL:

Diacylglycerol lipase

DTT:

Dithiothreitol

DROS:

Rod outer segments obtained from dark-adapted retinas

ECS:

Endocannabinoid system

FAAH:

Fatty acid amide hydrolase

GPR55:

G protein–coupled receptor 55

HEPES:

N-[2-hydroxyethyl]piperazine-N′-[2-ethanesulfonic acid]

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

LPAP:

Lysophosphatidate phosphohydrolase

LROS:

Rod outer segments obtained from bleached retinas

MAG:

Monoacylglycerol

MAGL:

Monoacylglycerol lipase

NAPE-PLD:

N-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D

NEM:

N-Ethylmaleimide

RIS:

Rod inner segments

ROS:

Rod outer segments

TLC:

Thin-layer chromatography

TRPV1:

Transient receptor potential cation channel

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Funding

This work was supported by funds granted by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica 2014-1089 and the Secretaría General de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional del Sur 24/B176, Argentina, to Dr. SJ Pasquaré.

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  1. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB, UNS-CONICET), Edificio E1, Camino La Carrindanga km 7, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina

    Estefanía Chamorro Aguirre, Virginia L. Gaveglio & Susana J. Pasquaré

  2. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina

    Virginia L. Gaveglio & Susana J. Pasquaré

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  1. Estefanía Chamorro Aguirre
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SJP and VLG conceived and designed the experiments and analyzed the data. ECHA and VLG performed the experiments. SJP wrote the paper. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Susana J. Pasquaré.

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Aguirre, E.C., Gaveglio, V.L. & Pasquaré, S.J. The Endocannabinoid System Is Present in Rod Outer Segments from Retina and Is Modulated by Light. Mol Neurobiol 56, 7284–7295 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-019-1603-5

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