Molecular Neurobiology

, Volume 49, Issue 1, pp 78–87 | Cite as

A Further TWEAK to Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology

  • Arash Nazeri
  • Pouria Heydarpour
  • Shokufeh Sadaghiani
  • Mohammad Ali Sahraian
  • Linda C. Burkly
  • Amit Bar-Or
Article
First Online:
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a member of the TNF super family that controls many cellular activities including proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation by binding to fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), a highly inducible cell surface receptor. Recent studies have indicated that TWEAK–Fn14 axis signaling may contribute to chronic autoimmune diseases. TWEAK expression via microglia in cortical lesions, presence of TWEAK+ macrophages in inflamed leptomeninges, and absence of TWEAK/Fn14 expression in healthy brain implicates importance of this pathway in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis lesions. TWEAK–Fn14 axis blockade has also shown promise in various multiple sclerosis animal models. Stimulation of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway can result in activation of both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling and could also stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Here, we have reviewed evidence of the possible role of TWEAK–Fn14 axis in pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) via neuroinflammation, tissue remodeling, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neurodegeneration, and astrogliosis.

Keywords

Multiple sclerosis TWEAK Fn14 EAE 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

AN & PH wish to express their gratitude to the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation (MSIF) for the opportunity to visit the Montreal Neurological Institute.

Conflict of interest

None.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  • Arash Nazeri
    • 1
    • 2
  • Pouria Heydarpour
    • 1
    • 2
  • Shokufeh Sadaghiani
    • 1
    • 2
  • Mohammad Ali Sahraian
    • 2
  • Linda C. Burkly
    • 3
  • Amit Bar-Or
    • 4
  1. 1.Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research ProgramTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
  2. 2.Sina MS Research Center, Department of NeurologyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
  3. 3.Immunology Discovery Research, Biogen Idec, IncCambridgeUSA
  4. 4.Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Health CentreMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada

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