Abstract
The microbiome modulates key processes in metabolism, inflammation, and immunity and plays pivotal roles in many gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated a key role of the microbiome in hepatocarcinogenesis. Dysfunctions of the gut bacterial flora have a significant effect on liver disease. Dysbiosis is found to be associated with chronic liver diseases. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The majority of HCC develops in patients with chronic liver disease, caused by chronic viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and alcohol-related fatty liver disease. This review discusses molecular mechanisms of gut microbiome–related hepatocarcinogenesis and the impact of dysbiosis on chronic liver disease progression.
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Abbreviations
- BAs:
-
Bile acids
- CCL4 :
-
Carbon tetrachloride
- CLD:
-
Chronic liver disease
- DCA:
-
Deoxycholic acid
- DEN:
-
Diethylnitrosamine
- DMBA:
-
7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene
- Ereg:
-
Epiregulin
- EtOH:
-
Ethanol
- HCC:
-
Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HSCs:
-
Hepatic stellate cells
- LPS:
-
Lipopolysaccharide
- LSECs:
-
Liver sinusoidal cells
- LTA:
-
Lipoteichoic acid
- MAMPs:
-
Microbiota-associated molecular patterns
- MDSCs:
-
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- nAFLD:
-
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH:
-
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NKT:
-
Natural killer T cell
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SASP:
-
Senescence-associated secretory phenotype
- SCFAs:
-
Short-chain fatty acids
- TLR:
-
Toll-like receptor
- TMA:
-
Trimethylamine
- TMAO:
-
Trimethylamine N-oxide
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This is part of Topical Collection: Clinical and basic research on hepatocellular carcinoma in Turkey.
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Akkız, H. The Gut Microbiome and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Canc 52, 1314–1319 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-021-00748-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-021-00748-1