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Immunologic Research

, Volume 51, Issue 2–3, pp 153–160 | Cite as

Generation of immunogenic and tolerogenic clinical-grade dendritic cells

  • Tahereh Kalantari
  • Eskandar Kamali-Sarvestani
  • Bogoljub Ciric
  • Mohamad H. Karimi
  • Mohsen Kalantari
  • Alireza Faridar
  • Hui Xu
  • Abdolmohamad Rostami
Current Immunology Research at Jefferson
First Online:

Abstract

Immunotherapy with dendritic cells (DCs), which have been manipulated ex vivo to become immunogenic or tolerogenic, has been tested in clinical trials for disease therapy. DCs are sentinels of the immune system, which after exposure to antigenic or inflammatory signals and crosstalk with effector CD4+ T cells express high levels of costimulatory molecules and cytokines. Upregulation of either costimulatory molecules or cytokines promotes immunologic DCs, whereas their downregulation generates tolerogenic DCs (TDCs), which induce T regulatory cells (Tregs) and a state of tolerance. Immunogenic DCs are used for the therapy of infectious diseases such as HIV-1 and cancer, whereas tolerogenic DCs are used in treating various autoimmune diseases and in transplantation. DC vaccination is still at an early stage, and improvements are mainly needed in quality control of monitoring assays to generate clinical-grade DC products and to assess the effect of DC vaccination in future clinical trials. Here, we review the recent work in DC generation and monitoring approaches for DC-based trials with immunogenic or tolerogenic DCs.

Keywords

Dendritic cell Vaccines Autoimmune diseases Cancer Quality control Immunotherapy 
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Notes

Acknowledgment

We are very grateful to K. Regan for editing the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  • Tahereh Kalantari
    • 1
  • Eskandar Kamali-Sarvestani
    • 2
  • Bogoljub Ciric
    • 1
  • Mohamad H. Karimi
    • 3
  • Mohsen Kalantari
    • 4
  • Alireza Faridar
    • 1
  • Hui Xu
    • 1
  • Abdolmohamad Rostami
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Neurology, Jefferson Hospital for NeuroscienceThomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUSA
  2. 2.Immunology Department and Autoimmune Diseases Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
  3. 3.Transplant Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
  4. 4.Shiraz School of Veterinary MedicineShirazIran

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