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Loss of BAP1 in Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas Seems Unrelated to Genetic Mutations

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Abstract

Breast cancer–associated protein 1 (BAP1) gene is a broad-spectrum tumor suppressor. Indeed, its loss of expression, due to biallelic inactivating mutations or deletions, has been described in several types of tumors including melanoma, malignant mesothelioma, renal cell carcinoma, and others. There are so far only two reports of BAP1-mutated paraganglioma, suggesting the possible involvement of this gene in paraganglioma (PGL) and pheochromocytoma (PCC) pathogenesis. We assessed BAP1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a cohort of 56 PCC/PGL patients (and corresponding metastases, when available). Confirmatory Sanger sequencing (exons 1–17) of BAP1 has been performed in those samples which resulted negative by IHC. BAP1 nuclear expression was lost in 2/22 (9.1%) PGLs and in 12/34 (35.3%) PCCs, five of which harboring a germline mutation predisposing the development of such tumors (MENIN, MAX, SDHB, SDHD, and RET gene). Confirmatory Sanger sequencing revealed the wild-type BAP1 status of all the analyzed samples. No heterogeneity between primary and metastatic tissue was observed. This study documents that the loss of BAP1 nuclear expression is quite a frequent finding in PCC/PGL, suggesting a possible role of BAP1 in the pathogenesis of these tumors. Gene mutations do not seem to be involved in this loss of expression, at least in most cases. Other genetic and epigenetic mechanisms need to be further investigated.

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Acknowledgments

The preliminary results of this study were presented at the 29th European Congress of Pathology that was held in Amsterdam, Netherland, on the 3th of September 2017. The authors are grateful to Simone Zorzi and Mattia Pegoraro for their technical assistance.

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  1. Valeria Maffeis and Rocco Cappellesso contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli, 61, 35121, Padova, Italy

    Valeria Maffeis, Lorenzo Nicolè, Vincenza Guzzardo, Maria Guido & Ambrogio Fassina

  2. Pathological Anatomy Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy

    Rocco Cappellesso

  3. Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy

    Chiara Menin & Lisa Elefanti

  4. Familial Cancer Clinic and Oncoendocrinology, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy

    Francesca Schiavi

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  1. Valeria Maffeis
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Contributions

VM and RC: conception and design of the study, acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, writing and revision of the manuscript. LN: acquisition and analysis of data. VG: development of methodology, technical and material contribution. CM and LE: development of methodology, technical and material contribution, revision of the manuscript. FS: collection of data. MG: reagents, material, and analysis tool contribution. AF: conception and design of the study, revision of the manuscript, supervision of the study. All of the authors confirm that each of them qualifies for all the criteria of authorship.

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Correspondence to Ambrogio Fassina.

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Maffeis, V., Cappellesso, R., Nicolè, L. et al. Loss of BAP1 in Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas Seems Unrelated to Genetic Mutations. Endocr Pathol 30, 276–284 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12022-019-09595-0

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