Stem Cell Reviews and Reports

, Volume 7, Issue 3, pp 560–568 | Cite as

The Origins of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Heterogeneity

Article
First Online:

Abstract

Cultured mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) populations are best characterized by the capacity of some cells within this population to differentiate into mesodermal derivatives such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. However, this progenitor property is not shared by all cells within the MSC population. Furthermore, MSCs exhibit variability in their phenotypes, including proliferation capacity, expression of cell surface markers and ability to secrete cytokines. These facts raise three major questions: (1) Does the in vitro observed variability reflect the existence of MSC subsets in vivo? (2) What is the molecular basis of the in vitro observed heterogeneity? and (3) What is the biological significance of this variability? This review considers the possibility that the variable nature of MSC populations contributes to the capacity of adult mammalian tissues to adapt to varying microenvironmental demands.

Keywords

Mesechymal stromal cells Stem cells Heterogeneity Plasticity Hierarchal differentiation Stem state 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The authors are indebted to the Helen and Martin Kimmel Institute for Stem Cell Research and the M.D. Moross Institute for Cancer Research, at the Weizmann Institute, the Gabrielle Rich Center for Transplantation Biology and the support of the Legacy Heritage Fund of New York. DZ is an incumbent of the Joe and Celia Weinstein Professorial Chair at the Weizmann Institute of Science.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011

Authors and Affiliations

  • Meirav Pevsner-Fischer
    • 1
  • Sarit Levin
    • 1
  • Dov Zipori
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael

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