Biological Trace Element Research

, Volume 172, Issue 1, pp 127–133 | Cite as

Varying Dietary Levels of Molybdenum Inducing Cell Apoptosis of Spleen Under Cadmium Stress in Caprine

  • Qingyang Xiao
  • Caiying Zhang
  • Xiaolong Gu
  • Yu Zhuang
  • Junrong Luo
  • Ping Liu
  • Xiaoquan Guo
  • Guoliang Hu
  • Huabin Cao
Article
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Abstract

The present experiment aims at evaluating chronic toxic effects of the combination of cadmium (Cd) and molybdenum (Mo) according to residual element contents, apoptosis gene expression, and ultrastructure and histopathology changes of caprine spleen. In total, 36 Boer goats were randomly divided into four groups with the equal number in each group. The control group was orally administered with deionized water while the experimental groups I, II, and III were administered with the equal quantity of CdCl2 (1 mg kg−1 BW) and (NH4)6·Mo7O24·4H2O including 15, 30, and 45 mg·Mo kg−1 BW, respectively. Three individuals from each group were treated with euthanasia on days 0, 25, and 50. The data showed that the content of splenic residual Mo and Cd increased (P < 0.05) in the experimental groups on days 25 and 50, while no significant difference was observed in the content of Cu. The apoptosis-related gene expression levels including Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, Smac, and ceruloplasmin (CP) were also determined. Results showed that significant reductions were observed in Bcl-2 and CP expressions (P < 0.01), while Caspase-3 gene was up-regulated (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in Smac and Bax expressions. Furthermore, on day 50, spleen tissues were presented to observe ultrastructural changes in lesions by means of transmission electron microscopy, with fragmentized nucleus, vesiculation of cytoplasm, mitochondria hyperplasia, and increasing lysosomes included. In addition, histopathology results corroborated the toxicity by showing cell hemorrhage, thickening central arteries, and enhanced capsule thickness. To sum up, our study revealed that the combination of Cd and Mo could induce remarkable damage to the spleen of goats by promoting cell apoptosis in the mitochondrial pathway and affecting the deposition of Mo and Cd.

Keywords

Molybdenum Cadmium Spleen Apoptosis Caprine 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The research was supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 31101863, Beijing, P.R. China), Training Plan for Young Scientists of Jiangxi Province (No. 2014BCB23040, Nanchang, P.R. China), and Department of Education of the Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (No. GJJ14294, Nanchang, P.R. China) to Huabin Cao.

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015

Authors and Affiliations

  • Qingyang Xiao
    • 1
  • Caiying Zhang
    • 1
  • Xiaolong Gu
    • 1
  • Yu Zhuang
    • 1
  • Junrong Luo
    • 1
  • Ping Liu
    • 1
  • Xiaoquan Guo
    • 1
  • Guoliang Hu
    • 1
  • Huabin Cao
    • 1
  1. 1.Institute of Animal Population Health, School of Animal Science and Technology, Changbei Economic and Technological Development DistrictJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangPeople’s Republic of China

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