Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Support Groups in Scleroderma

  • Scleroderma (J Varga, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Rheumatology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review presents evidence on support group effectiveness in common diseases, research on support groups in systemic sclerosis (SSc), and work underway by the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network in collaboration with patient organizations to train SSc support group leaders in order to improve support group access and the experiences of support groups for members and leaders.

Recent Findings

Giving and receiving emotional and practical support from others with SSc is an important reason that individuals with SSc attend support groups, but many patients cannot access support groups. SSc support group leaders report confidence in their ability to facilitate groups, but are less confident in tasks such as managing group dynamics and sustaining the group.

Summary

The Scleroderma Support group Leader EDucation (SPIN-SSLED) Program was developed to provide training to support group leaders and was recently tested through a feasibility trial. A full-scale trial will commence in 2019.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Scleroderma Canada. Find a support group. www.scleroderma.ca/Support/Find-A-Support-Group.php (2018). Accessed 10 Sep 2018.

  2. Scleroderma Foundation. Support groups. www.scleroderma.org/site/PageServer?pagename=patients_supportgroups#.Vbec7RZvdFw (2018). Accessed 10 Sep 2018.

  3. Dennis CL. Peer support within a health care context: a concept analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2003;40:321–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7489(02)00092-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Doull M, O’Connor AM, Welch V, Tugwell P, Wells GA. Peer support strategies for improving the health and well-being of individuals with chronic diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;3:Art. No.:CD005352. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005352.

  5. Scleroderma & Raynaud’s UK. Find support. www.sruk.co.uk/find-support (2016). Accessed 10 Sep 2018.

  6. Scleroderma Association of New South Wales. Regional support groups. www.sclerodermansw.org/regional-support-groups (2015). Accessed 10 Sep 2018.

  7. •• Gumuchian ST, Delisle VC, Kwakkenbos L, Pépin M, Carrier M-E, Malcarne VL, et al. Reasons for attending support groups and organizational preferences: the European scleroderma support group members survey. Disabil Rehabil. 2017;19, 1:–9 https://doi-org.proxy3.library.mcgill.ca/10.1080/09638288.2017.1416497. This study describes results from a survey of reasons for attending scleroderma support groups and preferences for how the support groups are organized.

  8. Kwakkenbos L, Jewett LR, Baron M, Bartlett SJ, Furst D, Gottesman K, et al. The Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN): protocol for a cohort multiple randomised controlled trial (cmRCT) design to support trials of psychosocial and rehabilitation interventions in a rare disease context. BMJ Open. 2013;3:e003563. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003563.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Newman S, Steed L, Mulligan K. Self-management interventions for chronic illness. Lancet. 2004;364:1523–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17277-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Davison KP, Pennebaker JW, Dickerson SS. Who talks? The social psychology of illness support groups. Am Psychol. 2000;55:205–17. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.2.205.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Laysha O, Adams N. Recovery in the USA: from politics to peer support. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2012;24:70–8. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2012.659659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Tang, P. A brief history of peer support: origins. http://peersforprogress.org/pfp_blog/a-brief-history-of-peer-support-origins/ (2019). Accessed 1 Jan 2019.

  13. Cowen EL, Gardner EA, Zax M. Emergent approaches to mental health problems. 1st ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts; 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ussher J, Kristen L, Butow P, Sandoval M. What do cancer support groups provide which other supportive relationships do not? The experience of peer support groups for people with cancer. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62:2565–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.10.034.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Docherty A. Experience, functions and benefits of a cancer support group. Patient Educ Couns. 2004;55:87–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2003.08.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Yaskowich KM, Stam HJ. Cancer narratives and the cancer support group. J Health Psychol. 2003;8:720–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053030086006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Dale JR, Williams SM, Bowyer V. What is the effect of peer support on diabetes outcomes in adults? A systematic review. Diabet Med. 2012;29:1361–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03749.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Parry M, Watt-Watson J. Peer support intervention trials for individuals with heart disease: a systematic review. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2010;9:57–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2009.10.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Pfeiffer PN, Heisler M, Piette JG, Rogers MAM, Valenstein M. Efficacy of peer support interventions for depression: a meta-analysis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2011;33:29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.10.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Reimann A, Bend J, Dembski B. Patient-centred care in rare diseases: a patient organisations’ perspective. Bundesgesundheitsbl. Gesundheitsforsch. Gesundheitsschutz. 2007;50:1484–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-007-0382-8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Barrera M, Glasgow R, McKay HG, Boles S, Feil E. Do internet-based support interventions changes perception of social support? An experimental trial of approaches for supporting diabetes self-management. Am J Community Psychol. 2002;30(5):637–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016369114780.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hegleson V, Cohen S, Schulz R, Yasko J. Long-term effects of educational and peer discussion group intervention on adjustment to breast cancer. Health Psychol. 2001;20:387–92. https://doi.org/10.1037//0278-6133.20.5.387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Toobert DJ, Strycker LA, Glasgow RE, Barrera M, Bagdale J. Enhancing support for health behavior change among women at risk for heart disease: the Mediterranean lifestyle trial. Health Educ Res. 2002;17:574–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/17.5.574.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Fisher EB, Boothroyd RI, Elstad EA, Hays L, Henes A, Maslow GR, et al. Peer support of complex health behaviors in prevention and disease management with special reference to diabetes: systematic reviews. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017;3:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40842-017-0042-3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. McCaughan E, Parahoo K, Hueter I, Northouse L, Bradbury I. Online support groups for women with breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017;3. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011652.pub2.

  26. Bateganya M, Amanyeiwe U, Roxo U, Dong M. The impact of support groups for people living with HIV on clinical outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68:S368–74. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000519.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Leung P, Orrell M, Orgeta V. Social support group interventions in people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015;30:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4166.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Lauritzen J, Pedersen PU, Sørensen EE, Bjerrum MB. The meaningfulness of participating in support groups for informal caregivers of older adults with dementia: a systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2015;13:373–433. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2016.0183.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Shire. Rare disease impact report: insights from patients and the medical community. www.globalgenes.org/raredisease-impact-report/ (2013). Accessed 15 Nov 2018.

  30. Adams LS, Miller JL, Grady PA. The spectrum of caregiving in palliative care for serious, advanced, rare diseases: key issues and research directions. J Palliat Med. 2016;19:698–705. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2015.0464.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Kole A, Faurisson F. The voice of 12,000 patients: experiences and expectations of rare disease patients on diagnosis and care in Europe. http://www.eurordis.org/IMG/pdf/voice_12000_ patients/EURORDISCARE_FULLBOOKr.pdf (2009). Accessed 15 Nov 2018.

  32. European Organisation for Rare Diseases. Rare diseases: understanding this public health priority. http://www.eurordis. org/IMG/pdf/princeps_document-EN.pdf (2015). Accessed 15 Nov 2018.

  33. • Delisle VC, Gumuchian ST, Rice DB, Levis AW, Kloda LA, Körner A, et al. Perceived benefits and factors that influence the ability to establish and maintain patient support groups in rare diseases: a scoping review. Patient. 2017;10:283–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40271-016-0213-9 This study reports perceived benefits and facilitators and barriers to successful support groups in rare diseases.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Scleroderma SJ. In: Harris ED, Budd RC, Firestein GS, Genovese MS, Sergent JS, Ruddy S, et al., editors. Kelly’s Textbook of Rheumatology. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2005. p. 1279–308.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Mayes M. Systemic sclerosis: clinical features. In: Klippel JH, Stone JH, Crafford LJ, White PH, editors. Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases. 13th ed. New York: Springer and Arthritis Foundation; 2008. p. 343–50.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Wigley FM, Hummers LK. Clinical features of systemic sclerosis. In: Hochberg MC, Silman AJ, Smolen JS, Weinblatt ME, Weismann WH, editors. Rheumatology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2003. p. 1463–80.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Merkel PA, Herlyn K, Martin RW, Anderson JJ, Mayes MD, Bell P, et al. Measuring disease activity and functional status in patients with scleroderma and Raynaud’s phenomenon. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:2410–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.10486.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Hong BY, Giang R, Mbuagbaw L, Larche M, Thabane L. Factors associated with development of gastrointestinal problems in patients with scleroderma: a systematic review. Syst Rev. 2015;4:188–96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-015-0176-2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Ntoumazios SK, Voulgari PV, Potsis K, Koutis E, Tsifetaki N, Assimakopoulos DA. Esophageal involvement in scleroderma: gastroesophageal reflux, the common problem. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2006;36:173–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2006.08.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Thombs BD, van Lankveld W, Bassel M, Baron M, Buzza R, Haslam S, et al. Psychological health and well-being in systemic sclerosis: state of the science and consensus research agenda. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62:1181–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Haythornthwaite JA, Heinberg LJ, McGuire L. Psychologic factors in scleroderma. Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 2003;29:427–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-857X(03)00020-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Bassel M, Hudson M, Taillefer SS, Schieir O, Baron M, Thombs BD. Frequency and impact of symptoms experienced by patients with systemic sclerosis: results from a Canadian national survey. Rheumatology. 2011;50:762–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keq310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. • Jewett LR, Kwakkenbos L, Delisle VC, Thombs BD. Psychosocial issues and care for patients with systemic sclerosis. In: Varga J, Denton CP, Wigley FM, Allanore Y, Kuwana M, editors. Scleroderma: from pathogenesis to comprehensive management, 2nd ed. Chicago: Springer; 2017. p. 615–21. This chapter provides an overview of psychosocial challenges and care options in scleroderma.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  44. Jewett LR, Hudson M, Thombs BD. A 38-year-old woman with elevated muscle enzymes, Raynaud’s phenomenon and positive anti-topoisomerase I antibody: Is she depressed? In: Silver RM, Denton CP, editors. Case Studies in Systemic Sclerosis. London: Springer; 2011. p. 229–38.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  45. Jewett LR, Kwakkenbos L, Carrier M-E, Malcarne VL, Bartlett SJ, Furst DE, et al. Examination of the association of race/ethnicity and sex with appearance concerns: a Scleroderma patient-centered intervention network (SPIN) cohort study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016;34:92–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Gumuchian ST, Peláez S, Delisle VC, Carrier M-E, Jewett LR, El-Baalbaki G, et al. Exploring sources emotional distress among people living with scleroderma: a focus group study. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0152419. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152419.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Thombs BD, Jewett LR, Kwakkenbos L, Hudson M, Baron M. Canadian Scleroderma research group. Major depression diagnoses among patients with systemic sclerosis: baseline and one-month follow-up. Arthritis Care Res. 2015;67:411–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Razykov I, Levis B, Hudson M, Baron M, Thombs BD. Canadian Scleroderma Research Group. Prevalence and clinical correlates of pruritus in patients with systemic sclerosis: an updated analysis of 959 patients. Rheumatology. 2013;52:2056–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/ket275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Milette K, Hudson M, Körner A, Baron M, Thombs BD. Canadian Scleroderma research group. Sleep disturbances in systemic sclerosis: evidence for the role of pain, pruritus, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Rheumatology. 2013;52:1715–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/ket223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Gholizadeh S, Fox RS, Mills SD, Jewett LR, Thombs BD, Malcarne VL. Coping with the disfigurement of scleroderma: facial, skin, and hand changes. In: Varga J, Denton CP, Wigley FM, Allanore Y, Kuwana M, editors. Scleroderma: From pathogenesis to comprehensive management. 2nd ed. Chicago: Springer; 2017. p. 713–21.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  51. • Gumuchian ST, Delisle VC, Peláez S, Malcarne VL, El-Baalbaki G, Kwakkenbos L, et al. Reasons for not participating in scleroderma patient support groups: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Care Res. 2018;70:275–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.23220 This study reports reasons why patients choose not to or are not able to participate in scleroderma support groups.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Kwakkenbos L, Carboni Jiménez A, Peláez S, Carrier M-E, Malcarne VL, El-Baalbaki G, et al. Reasons for not participating in scleroderma patient support groups: a replication using the European Scleroderma Support Group Survey. In preparation. 2019.

  53. Banbury A, Nancarrow S, Dart J, Gray L, Parkinson L. Telehealth interventions delivering home-based support group videoconferencing: systematic review. J Med Internet Res. 2018;20:e25. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8090.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Pepin M, Kwakkenbos L, Peláez S, Carrier M-E, Malcarne VL, El-Baalbaki G, et al. Reasons for attending support groups and organizational preferences: a replication study using the North American Scleroderma Support Group Survey. In preparation. 2019.

  55. •• Delisle VC, Gumuchian ST, El-Baalbaki G, Körner A, Malcarne VL, Peláez S, et al. Training and support needs of scleroderma support group facilitators: the North American Scleroderma Support Group Facilitators Survey. Disabil Rehabil. 2018;25:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2018.1467970 This study describes training and support needs identified by scleroderma support group leaders.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Butow PN, Ussher J, Kirsten L, Hobbs K, Smith K, Wain G, et al. Sustaining leaders of cancer support groups: the role, needs, and difficulties of leaders. Soc Work Health Care. 2005;42:39–55. https://doi.org/10.1300/J010v42n02_03.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Galinsky MJ, Schopler JH. Negative experiences in support groups. Soc Work Health Care. 1994;20:77–95. https://doi.org/10.1300/J010v20n01_09.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Coreil J, Behal R. Man to man prostate cancer support groups. Cancer Pract. 1999;7:122–9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5394.1999.07307.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Kirsten L, Butow P, Price M, Hobbs K, Sundquist K. Who helps the leaders? Difficulties experienced by cancer support group leaders. Support Care Cancer. 2006;14:770–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-005-0896-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Zordan RD, Juraskova I, Butow PN, Jolan A, Kirsten L, Chapman J, et al. Exploring the impact of training on the experience of Australian support group leaders: current practices and implications for research. Health Expect. 2010;13:427–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00592.x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. • Delisle VC, Gumuchian ST, Kloda LA, Boruff J, El-Baalbaki G, Körner A, et al. Effect of support group peer facilitator training programmes on peer facilitator and support group member outcomes: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e013325. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013325 This is a systematic review of training programs for peer support group leaders.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Thombs BD, Dyas L, Pépin M, Razykov I, Aguila K, Carrier M-E, et al. Feasibility trial of the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Support Group Leader Education (SPIN-SSLED) Program. 2019 Canadian rheumatology association annual scientific meeting; Montreal, Canada 2019

Download references

Funding

Ms. Rice is supported by a Health Systems Impact Fellowship through the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR). Dr. Thombs is supported by Fonds de recherche du Québec—Santé researcher salary award.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brett D. Thombs.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Scleroderma

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rice, D.B., Thombs, B.D. Support Groups in Scleroderma. Curr Rheumatol Rep 21, 9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-019-0808-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-019-0808-y

Keywords

Navigation