Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cannabinoid Receptors, Mental Pain and Suicidal Behavior: a Systematic Review

  • Mood Disorders (E Baca-Garcia, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Psychiatry Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The current serotonin-based biological model of suicidal behavior (SB) may be too simplistic. There is emerging evidence that other biomarkers and biological systems may be involved in SB pathophysiology. The literature on the endocannabinoid (EC) systems and SB is limited. The objective of the present article is to review all available information on the relationship between cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2 receptors), and SB and/or psychological pain.

Recent Findings

Our review is limited by the small number and heterogeneity of studies identified: (1) an autopsy study describing elevated levels of CB1 receptor activity in the prefrontal cortex and suicide in both depression and alcoholism and (2) studies supporting the involvement of both CB1 and CB2 receptors in the regulation of neuropathic pain and stress-induced analgesia.

Summary

We conclude that cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB1 receptors, may become promising targets for the development of novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of SB.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. WHO: Figures and facts about suicide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999.

  2. Kessler RC, Borges G, Walters EE. Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the national comorbidity survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56(7):617–26. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.617.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. WHO: Preventing suicide: a global imperative. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.

  4. Czernin S, Vogel M, Fluckiger M, Muheim F, Bourgnon JC, Reichelt M, et al. Cost of attempted suicide: a retrospective study of extent and associated factors. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012;142:w13648.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Gonda X, Pompili M, Serafini G, Montebovi F, Campi S, Dome P, et al. Suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder: epidemiology, characteristics and major risk factors. J Affect Disord. 2012;143(1-3):16–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.04.041.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ainiyet B, Rybakowski JK. Suicidal behavior in schizophrenia may be related to low lipid levels. Med Sci Monit. 2014;20:1486–90. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.890884.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Amore M, Innamorati M, Vittorio CD, Weinberg I, Turecki G, Sher L, et al. Suicide attempts in major depressed patients with personality disorder. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2014;44(2):155–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12059.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Conner KR, Bagge CL, Goldston DB, Ilgen MA. Alcohol and suicidal behavior: what is known and what can be done. Am J Prev Med. 2014;47(3 Suppl 2):S204–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kaplan MS, Giesbrecht N, Caetano R, Conner KR, Huguet N, McFarland BH, et al. Acute alcohol consumption as a contributing factor to suicidal behavior. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(9):e2–3. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301422.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Norstrom T, Rossow I. Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for suicidal behavior: a systematic review of associations at the individual and at the population level. Arch Suicide Res. 2016;20(4):489–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2016.1158678.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Vinod KY, Hungund BL. Role of the endocannabinoid system in depression and suicide. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2006;27(10):539–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2006.08.006.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. • de Leon J, Baca-Garcia E, Blasco-Fontecilla H. From the serotonin model of suicide to a mental pain model of suicide. Psychother Psychosom. 2015;84:323–9. This editorial criticizes the current, serotonin-based biological model of SB, by suggesting that mental pain is what really unifies SB.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Monteleone P, Bifulco M, Maina G, Tortorella A, Gazzerro P, Proto MC, et al. Investigation of cnr1 and faah endocannabinoid gene polymorphisms in bipolar disorder and major depression. Pharmacol Res. 2010;61(5):400–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2010.01.002.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ashton CH, Moore PB. Endocannabinoid system dysfunction in mood and related disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2011;124(4):250–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01687.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. •• Benedetti F, Thoen W, Blanchard C, Vighetti S, Arduino C. Pain as a reward: changing the meaning of pain from negative to positive co-activates opioid and cannabinoid systems. Pain. 2013;154:361–7. This article suggests that the meaning of pain can be changed using positive instructions, and the increased pain tolerance is mediated by the co-activation of the opioid and cannabinoid systems.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Matias I, Bisogno T, Di Marzo V. Endogenous cannabinoids in the brain and peripheral tissues: regulation of their levels and control of food intake. Int J Obes. 2006;30(Suppl 1):S7–S12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Howlett AC. The cannabinoid receptors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2002;68-69:619–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-6980(02)00060-6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Yildiz MKM, Bozdemir MN, Kara B, Goktekin MC, Gurbuz S, Ayranci M, et al. Parasuicidal patients in the emergency department and their relationship with cannabinoid gene polymorphism. Bull Clinical Psychopharmacol. 2012;22(2):177–83. https://doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20120404074246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. • Icick R, Peoc'h K, Karsinti E, Ksouda K, Hajj A, Bloch V, et al. A cannabinoid receptor 1 polymorphism is protective against major depressive disorder in methadone-maintained outpatients. Am J Addict. 2015;24:613–20. This study suggests that some CNR1 polymorphism can be protective against major depressive disorder in methadone-maintained outpatients.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Vinod KY. In: Dwivedi Y, editor. Role of the endocannabinoid system in the neurobiology of suicide. Boca Raton (FL): Taylor & Francis; 2012.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Nakazi M, Bauer U, Nickel T, Kathmann M, Schlicker E. Inhibition of serotonin release in the mouse brain via presynaptic cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Arch Pharmacol. 2000;361(1):19–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Mailleux P, Vanderhaeghen JJ. Glucocorticoid regulation of cannabinoid receptor messenger rna levels in the rat caudate-putamen. An in situ hybridization study. Neurosci Lett. 1993;156(1-2):51–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(93)90437-P.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Muller TD, Reichwald K, Bronner G, Kirschner J, Nguyen TT, Scherag A, et al. Lack of association of genetic variants in genes of the endocannabinoid system with anorexia nervosa. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2008;2(1):33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-2-33.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Howlett AC, Abood ME. CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology. Adv Pharmacol. 2017;80:169–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Van Sickle MD, Duncan M, Kingsley PJ, Mouihate A, Urbani P, Mackie K, et al. Identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors. Science. 2005;310:329–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Hungund BL, Vinod KY, Kassir SA, Basavarajappa BS, Yalamanchili R, Cooper TB, et al. Upregulation of CB1 receptors and agonist-stimulated [35s]gtpgammas binding in the prefrontal cortex of depressed suicide victims. Mol Psychiatry. 2004;9(2):184–90. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001376.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Gobbi G, Bambico FR, Mangieri R, Bortolato M, Campolongo P, Solinas M, et al. Antidepressant-like activity and modulation of brain monoaminergic transmission by blockade of anandamide hydrolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(51):18620–5. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509591102.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Adamczyk P, Golda A, AC MC, Filip M, Przegalinski E. Activation of endocannabinoid transmission induces antidepressant-like effects in rats. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008;59:217–28.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hill MN, Gorzalka BB. Pharmacological enhancement of cannabinoid CB1 receptor activity elicits an antidepressant-like response in the rat forced swim test. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;15(6):593–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.03.003.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Martin M, Ledent C, Parmentier M, Maldonado R, Valverde O. Involvement of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in emotional behaviour. Psychopharmacology. 2002;159(4):379–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-001-0946-5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hill MN, Hillard CJ, Bambico FR, Patel S, Gorzalka BB, Gobbi G. The therapeutic potential of the endocannabinoid system for the development of a novel class of antidepressants. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2009;30(9):484–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2009.06.006.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. •• Borges G, Bagge CL, Orozco R. A literature review and meta-analyses of cannabis use and suicidality. J Affect Disord. 2016;195:63–74. This is a recent and comprehensive review on SB and cannabis use. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Serra G, Fratta W. A possible role for the endocannabinoid system in the neurobiology of depression. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health. 2007;3(1):25. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-0179-3-25.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Vinod KY, Arango V, Xie S, Kassir SA, Mann JJ, Cooper TB, et al. Elevated levels of endocannabinoids and CB1 receptor-mediated g-protein signaling in the prefrontal cortex of alcoholic suicide victims. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57(5):480–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.033.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Vinod KY, Kassir SA, Hungund BL, Cooper TB, Mann JJ, Arango V. Selective alterations of the CB1 receptors and the fatty acid amide hydrolase in the ventral striatum of alcoholics and suicides. J Psychiatr Res. 2010;44(9):591–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.11.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Erdozain AM, Rubio M, Valdizan EM, Pazos A, Meana JJ, Fernandez-Ruiz J, et al. The endocannabinoid system is altered in the post-mortem prefrontal cortex of alcoholic subjects. Addict Biol. 2015;20(4):773–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.12160.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. • Erdozain AM, Rubio M, Meana JJ, Fernandez-Ruiz J, Callado LF. Altered CB1 receptor coupling to g-proteins in the post-mortem caudate nucleus and cerebellum of alcoholic subjects. J Psychopharmacol. 2015;29:1137–45. This study reported that CB 1 receptor hypofunctioning was found in the caudate nucleus of suicides, thus expanding the previous findings on the role of CB 1 receptor in the prefrontal cortex.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Uriguen L, Garcia-Fuster MJ, Callado LF, Morentin B, La Harpe R, Casado V, et al. Immunodensity and mrna expression of a2a adenosine, d2 dopamine, and CB1 cannabinoid receptors in postmortem frontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia: effect of antipsychotic treatment. Psychopharmacology. 2009;206(2):313–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-009-1608-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Garcia-Gutierrez MS, Navarrete F, Giner S, Manzanares J. Cannabinoid CB2 receptor gene expression alterations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and amygdala of suicide victims. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012;22:S166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-977X(12)70234-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Connell K, Bolton N, Olsen D, Piomelli D, Hohmann AG. Role of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in endocannabinoid-mediated stress-induced analgesia. Neurosci Lett. 2006;397(3):180–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.12.008.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Liu C, Walker JM. Effects of a cannabinoid agonist on spinal nociceptive neurons in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. J Neurophysiol. 2006;96(6):2984–94. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00498.2006.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. • Racz I, Nent E, Erxlebe E, Zimmer A. CB1 receptors modulate affective behaviour induced by neuropathic pain. Brain Res Bull. 2015;114:42–8. This study demonstrates that CB 1 receptors modulate affective behaviour induced by neuropathic pain.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Lee HJ, Chang LY, Ho YC, Teng SF, Hwang LL, Mackie K, et al. Stress induces analgesia via orexin 1 receptor-initiated endocannabinoid/ CB1 signaling in the mouse periaqueductal gray. Neuropharmacology. 2016;105:577–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.02.018.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Carey LM, Slivicki RA, Leishman E, Cornett B, Mackie K, Bradshaw H, et al. A pro-nociceptive phenotype unmasked in mice lacking fatty-acid amide hydrolase. Mol Pain. 2016;12:174480691664919. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744806916649192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Zenor BN, Weesner GD, Malven PV. Endocrine and other responses to acute administration of cannabinoid compounds to non-stressed male calves. Life Sci. 1999;65(2):125–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00229-5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Mann JJ. Psychobiologic predictors of suicide. J Clin Psychiatry. 1987;48(Suppl):39–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Mann JJ. Neurobiology of suicidal behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003;4:819–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. • Sudol K, Mann JJ. Biomarkers of suicide attempt behavior: towards a biological model of risk. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19:31. This is a recent review on biomarkers of suicide attempts.

  49. Blasco-Fontecilla H, Lopez-Castroman J, Giner L, Baca-Garcia E, Oquendo MA. Predicting suicidal behavior: are we really that far along? Comment on “Discovery and validation of blood biomarkers for suicidality”. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15:424.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Christensen R, Kristensen PK, Bartels EM, Bliddal H, Astrup A. Efficacy and safety of the weight-loss drug rimonabant: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2007;370(9600):1706–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61721-8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Moreira FA, Crippa JA. The psychiatric side-effects of rimonabant. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2009;31(2):145–53. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-44462009000200012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Hohmann AG, Suplita RL, Bolton NM, Neely MH, Fegley D, Mangieri R, et al. An endocannabinoid mechanism for stress-induced analgesia. Nature. 2005;435(7045):1108–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03658.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Blasco-Fontecilla H, Baca-Garcia E, Duberstein P, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Dervic K, Saiz-Ruiz J, et al. An exploratory study of the relationship between diverse life events and specific personality disorders in a sample of suicide attempters. J Personal Disord. 2010;24(6):773–84. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2010.24.6.773.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Blasco-Fontecilla H, Delgado-Gomez D, Legido-Gil T, de Leon J, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Baca-Garcia E. Can the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) be used as a suicide risk scale? An exploratory study. Arch Suicide Res. 2012;16(1):13–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2012.640616.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. • Yovell Y, Bar G, Mashiah M, Baruch Y, Briskman I, Asherov J, et al. Ultra-low-dose buprenorphine as a time-limited treatment for severe suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2016;173:491–8. This study suggests that buprenorphine can be used as a treatment for SB.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Orbach I, Mikulincer M, Sirota P, Gilboa-Schechtman E. Mental pain: a multidimensional operationalization and definition. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2003;33(3):219–30. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.33.3.219.23219.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. •• Meerwijk EL, Ford JM, Weiss SJ. Brain regions associated with psychological pain: implications for a neural network and its relationship to physical pain. Brain Imaging Behav. 2013;7:1–14. This is one of the first studies suggesting that the neural network of psychological and physical pain partially overlap.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. • Blasco-Fontecilla H, Baca-García E, Courtet P, García Nieto R, de Leon J. Horror vacui: emptiness might distinguish between major suicide repeaters and nonmajor suicide repeaters: a pilot study. Psychother Psychosom. 2015;84:117–9. This pilot study suggests that the chronic feeling of emptiness is one of the most relevant pathways leading to major repetition of SB.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Meerwijk EL, Weiss SJ. Toward a unifying definition of psychological pain. J Loss & Trauma. 2011;16(5):402–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2011.572044.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Hauser W, Petzke F, Fitzcharles MA. Efficacy, tolerability and safety of cannabis-based medicines for chronic pain management -an overview of systematic reviews. Eur J Pain 2017; doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1118.

  61. Russo EB. Cannabinoids In the management of difficult to treat pain. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4:245–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Russo M, Naro A, Leo A, Sessa E, D'Aleo G, Bramanti P, et al. Evaluating sativex(r) in neuropathic pain management: a clinical and neurophysiological assessment in multiple sclerosis. Pain Med. 2016;17(6):1145–54. https://doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnv080.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Etges T, Karolia K, Grint T, Taylor A, Lauder H, Daka B, et al. An observational postmarketing safety registry of patients in the UK, Germany, and Switzerland, who have been prescribed Sativex® (THC:CBD, nabiximols) oromucosal spray. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2016;12:1667–75. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S115014.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Russo M, Rifici C, Sessa E, D'Aleo G, Bramanti P, Calabro RS. Sativex-induced neurobehavioral effects: causal or concausal? A practical advice! Daru. 2015;23(1):25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40199-015-0109-6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. • Blasco-Fontecilla H, Artieda-Urrutia P, Berenguer-Elias N, Garcia-Vega JM, Fernandez-Rodriguez M, Rodriguez-Lomas C, et al. Are major repeater patients addicted to suicidal behavior? Adicciones. 2014;26:321–33. This study clinically demonstrates that major repeaters (subjects with 5 or more lifetime SBs) are addicted to SB.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Blasco-Fontecilla H, Fernandez-Fernandez R, Colino L, Fajardo L, Perteguer-Barrio R, de Leon J. The addictive model of self-harming (non-suicidal and suicidal) behavior. Front Psychiatry. 2016;7:8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Riebe CJ, Wotjak CT. Endocannabinoids and stress. Stress. 2011;14(4):384–97. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2011.586753.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Ruehle S, Rey AA, Remmers F, Lutz B. The endocannabinoid system in anxiety, fear memory and habituation. J Psychopharmacol. 2012;26(1):23–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881111408958.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Hillard CJ. Stress regulates endocannabinoid- CB1 receptor signaling. Semin Immunol. 2014;26:380–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Lo Verme J, Fu J, Astarita G, La Rana G, Russo R, Calignano A, et al. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha mediates the anti-inflammatory actions of palmitoylethanolamide. Mol Pharmacol. 2005;67(1):15–9. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.104.006353.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Pernia-Andrade AJ, Kato A, Witschi R, Nyilas R, Katona I, Freund TF, et al. Spinal endocannabinoids and CB1 receptors mediate c-fiber-induced heterosynaptic pain sensitization. Science. 2009;325(5941):760–4. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1171870.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge Lorraine Maw, M.A., at the Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, KY, who helped in editing this article. This article was written for publication without any external funding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital-Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute (IDIPHISA), Madrid, Spain

    Laura Colino, Javier Herranz-Herrer, Elena Gil-Benito, Teresa Ponte-Lopez, Pablo del Sol-Calderon, Maria Rodrigo-Yanguas & Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla

  2. Biobank, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital—IDIPHISA, Madrid, Spain

    María Gil-Ligero & Antonio J. Sánchez-López

  3. Neuroimmunology Unit, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital Segovia de Arana Health Research Institute (IDIPHISA), Madrid, Spain

    Antonio J. Sánchez-López

  4. Multiple Sclerosis Spanish Net (REEM), Madrid, Spain

    Antonio J. Sánchez-López

  5. Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA

    Jose de Leon

  6. Psychiatry and Neurosciences Research Group (CTS-549), Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, 18971, Granada, Spain

    Jose de Leon

  7. Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Net (CIBERSAM), Santiago Apóstol Hospital, University of the Basque Country, 01004, Vitoria, Spain

    Jose de Leon

  8. CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain

    Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla

  9. Madrid Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain

    Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla

Authors
  1. Laura Colino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Javier Herranz-Herrer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Elena Gil-Benito
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Teresa Ponte-Lopez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Pablo del Sol-Calderon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Maria Rodrigo-Yanguas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. María Gil-Ligero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Antonio J. Sánchez-López
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jose de Leon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Laura Colino, Javier Herranz-Herrer, Elena Gil-Benito, Teresa Ponte-Lopez, Pablo del Sol-Calderon, Maria Rodrigo-Yanguas, María Gil-Ligero, Antonio J Sánchez-López, and Jose de Leon declare no conflict of interest.

In the last 24 months Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla received lecture fees from AB-Biotics, Praxis Pharmaceuticals, and Shire.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Mood Disorders

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Colino, L., Herranz-Herrer, J., Gil-Benito, E. et al. Cannabinoid Receptors, Mental Pain and Suicidal Behavior: a Systematic Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 20, 19 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0880-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0880-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation