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Sleep Duration and Blood Pressure: Recent Advances and Future Directions

  • Sleep and Hypertension (S Justin Thomas, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This review discusses the recent literature on subjectively and objectively assessed sleep duration in relation to hypertension risk and out-of-clinic blood pressure (BP) measures and highlights critical areas for future research.

Recent Findings

Sleep duration, particularly short sleep, may influence BP through disturbed autonomic balance, hormonal imbalances, increased adiposity and metabolic dysfunction, and disrupted circadian rhythms. Observational studies indicate that short and long sleep are associated with hypertension risk, reduced nocturnal dipping, and elevated morning BP, but evidence is stronger for short sleep. Experimental sleep restriction increases BP, while sleep extension may lower BP in prehypertensive individuals. Women and racial/ethnic minorities are more prone to the detrimental effects of short sleep on BP.

Summary

Additional studies are warranted to clarify the association of objectively assessed sleep with BP level and diurnal pattern and to determine the sex- and race-specific effects of sleep restriction and extension on BP.

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Funding

N.M. is supported by an American Heart Association Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network Soter Collaborative Award (grant no. 16SFRN27880000-1). M.A. is supported through 18AMFDP34380732 from the American Heart Association. M.H.H. is supported, in part, through R01 AG047139 from the National Institutes of Aging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 51 Audubon Avenue, 5th floor, Suite 501, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Nour Makarem

  2. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH 9-321, New York, NY, 10032, USA

    Ari Shechter & Marwah Abdalla

  3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Mercedes R. Carnethon

  4. Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Janet M. Mullington

  5. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Martica H. Hall

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  1. Nour Makarem
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Correspondence to Marwah Abdalla.

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Makarem, N., Shechter, A., Carnethon, M.R. et al. Sleep Duration and Blood Pressure: Recent Advances and Future Directions. Curr Hypertens Rep 21, 33 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-019-0938-7

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