Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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Abstract
Purpose of Review
Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is characterized by persistent abdominal pain and diarrhea, typically following an episode of infectious gastroenteritis. The mechanisms that underlie IBS-D remain elusive, but PI-IBS provides a mechanistic model of this disorder. This review provides an up-to-date appraisal of the pathophysiology, clinical features, and management approaches for PI-IBS.
Recent Findings
Disordered immune reactions and release of cytokines with resultant gut inflammation and dysfunction appear to be key features of PI-IBS. Disordered brain-gut-microbiota interactions, type of infecting agent, and host-genetic susceptibility are risk factors but also are reasons for the varying spectrum of clinical severity. Although prognosis is generally good, symptoms and inflammation may persist for a long time. Symptomatic relief with antidiarrheals, antispasmodics, 5HT3 antagonists, mesalamine, probiotics, and low-dose antidepressants remain the primary approaches, but in some difficult cases, a combination of drugs that target the pathophysiology may be helpful.
Summary
PI-IBS has many overlapping features with IBS-D and shares similar pathophysiology and management approaches.
Keywords
Irritable bowel syndrome Diarrhea Gastroenteritis Pathophysiology InflammationNotes
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme of Ministry of Education of Malaysia (reference: 203.PPSP.6171183 and 203.PPSP.6171192).
Compliance with Ethical Standards
Conflict of Interest
Yeong Yeh Lee, Chandramouli Annamalai, and Satish S. C. Rao declare no conflict of interest.
Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent
This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
References
Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance
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