Ocular Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome Linkage to Cardiovascular Disease

  • Juan A. Siordia
  • Jimena Franco
  • Todd R. Golden
  • Bilal Dar
Ischemic Heart Disease (D Mukherjee, Section Editor)
First Online:
Part of the following topical collections:
  1. Topical Collection on Ischemic Heart Disease

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a common cause of open-angle glaucoma that is characterized by stress-induced elastic microfibrillopathy related to an accumulation of matrix metalloproteinases. The accumulation of matrix metalloproteinases increases deposition of protein substance within ocular structures and other organs including the heart. Many studies have associated the presence of cardiovascular disease with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, but much debate exists between studies in terms of significant relationships. The following meta-analysis aims to relate pseudoexfoliation syndrome with certain cardiovascular events and disorders. A thorough literature review was performed to acquire information concerning PEX patients with certain cardiovascular disorders. Diseases considered included myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, angina, congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, aortic aneurysm, hypertension, and homocystinuria. Patients without evidence of pseudoexfoliation disease were the controls of our study. Multiple forest plots were created to compile and analyze collected data for statistical comparison.

Recent Findings

From a literature review, 18 studies were selected for our analysis. Cardiovascular disorders that had a statistically significant association (within a 95 % confidence interval) with PEX included ischemic heart disease, aortic aneurysms, and homocystinuria. The association between ischemic heart disease and PEX was statistically significant (p = 0.045). Myocardial infarction, chronic ischemic heart disease, angina, and hypertension did not show a correlation of relationship with the presence of pseudoexfoliation.

Summary

Patients with PEX are prone to present with ischemic heart disease in addition to abdominal aortic aneurysms and homocystinuria. Patients that present with PEX should be screened for these detrimental cardiovascular disorders.

Keywords

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome Cardiovascular disease Ischemic heart disease Abdominal aortic aneurysm Homocystinuria 
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Notes

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of Interest

Juan A. Siordia, Jimena Franco, Todd R. Golden, and Bilal Dar declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Juan A. Siordia
    • 1
    • 3
  • Jimena Franco
    • 2
  • Todd R. Golden
    • 2
  • Bilal Dar
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of SurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonUSA
  2. 2.Tucson Hospitals Medical Education ProgramTucson Medical CenterTucsonUSA
  3. 3.HoustonUSA

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