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Current Advances and Future Perspectives of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biopsy in Midline Brain Malignancies

  • Yimin Pan
  • Wenyong Long
  • Qing LiuEmail author
Neuro-oncology (GJ Lesser, Section Editor)
First Online:
Part of the following topical collections:
  1. Topical Collection on Neuro-oncology

Opinion statement

Malignancies arising in midline brain structures, including lymphomas, teratomas, germinomas, diffuse midline gliomas, and medulloblastomas typically respond to systemic therapies, and excessive surgical excision can result in serious complications, so that total surgical removal is not routinely performed. Identifying tumor specific biomarkers that can facilitate diagnosis at early stage and allow for dynamic surveillance of the tumor is of great clinical importance. However, existing standard methods for biopsy of these brain neoplasms are high risk, time consuming, and costly. Thus, less invasive and more rapid diagnosis tests are urgently needed to detect midline brain malignancies. Currently, tools for cerebrospinal biopsy of midline brain malignancies mainly include circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles. Circulating tumor DNA achieved minimally invasive biopsy in several brain malignancies and has advantages in detecting tumor-specific mutations. In the field of tumor heterogeneity, circulating tumor cells better reflect the genome of tumors than surgical biopsy specimens. They can be applied for the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis. Extracellular vesicles contain lots of genetic information about cancer cells, so they have potential in finding therapeutic targets and studying tumor invasion and metastasis.

Keywords

Liquid biopsy Brain tumor CSF ctDNA Circulating tumor cells Extracellular vesicles 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

All contributors to this study are included in the list of authors.

Author contributions

Y.P., and W.L. wrote the manuscript and drew the figures. Q.L. wrote the manuscript and supervised the entire work. All the authors provided final approval for the version to be published.

Funding information

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81802974) and the grant from National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant number 2014BAI04B01).

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of Interest

Yimin Pan, Wenyong Long, and Qing Liu declare they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

References and Recommended Reading

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Neurosurgery in Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina

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