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JOM

, Volume 69, Issue 9, pp 1469–1477 | Cite as

X-ray Spectroscopy and Imaging as Multiscale Probes of Intercalation Phenomena in Cathode Materials

  • Gregory A. Horrocks
  • Luis R. De Jesus
  • Justin L. Andrews
  • Sarbajit BanerjeeEmail author
Article
First Online:

Abstract

Intercalation phenomena are at the heart of modern electrochemical energy storage. Nevertheless, as out-of-equilibrium processes involving concomitant mass and charge transport, such phenomena can be difficult to engineer in a predictive manner. The rational design of electrode architectures requires mechanistic understanding of physical phenomena spanning multiple length scales, from atomistic distortions and electron localization at individual transition metal centers to phase inhomogeneities and intercalation gradients in individual particles and concentration variances across ensembles of particles. In this review article, we discuss the importance of the electronic structure in mediating electrochemical storage and mesoscale heterogeneity. In particular, we discuss x-ray spectroscopy and imaging probes of electronic and atomistic structure as well as statistical regression methods that allow for monitoring of the evolution of the electronic structure as a function of intercalation. The layered α-phase of V2O5 is used as a model system to develop fundamental ideas on the origins of mesoscale heterogeneity.

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Notes

Acknowledgements

Our work on x-ray spectroscopy of electron correlated materials has been primarily supported by the National Science Foundation under DMR 1504702. We gratefully acknowledge valuable insight and longstanding collaborations with Daniel Fischer, Cherno Jaye (NIST), Alexander Moewes (University of Saskatchewan), Louis F. Piper (Binghamton U.), David Prendergast (LBNL), Lucia Zuin, and Jian Wang (CLS). A portion of the research described in this review was performed at the Canadian Light Source.

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Copyright information

© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of ChemistryTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationUSA
  2. 2.Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationUSA

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